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R2019-064 2019-02-25RESOLUTION NO. R2019-64 A Resolution of the City Council of the City Of Pearland, Texas, approving and adopting the 2019 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update. BE IT RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PEARLAND, TEXAS: Section 1. That the City Council hereby adopts the 2019 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update. PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED this 25th day of February, A.D., 2019. ATTEST: sz UNG TY S ETAR APPROVED AS TO FORM: LAWRENCE PROVINS DEPUTY CITY ATTORNEY TOM REID MAYOR City of Pearland, Texas Hazard Mitigation Plan 2019 Update of the Approved 2012 H M P Adopted by the City Council XXX XX, 2019 Page 12 of 210 Table of Contents Section 1. Introduction and Adoption Introduction 1 Summary 1 Adoption by City Council 2 Community Profile 4 Section 2. The Planning Process The Purpose of the Plan 15 The Planning Process 15 Documentation of the Planning Process 18 Community Participation 18 Local Capabilities Assessment and Integration 19 Pearland Participation in the NFIP 35 Section 3. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Introduction 42 Overview of Risks 44 Drought 58 Extreme Heat 64 Flood 69 Hail 89 Hurricanes and Tropical Storms 92 Lightning 97 Severe Thunderstorms - High Wind 100 Subsidence 105 Tornadoes 112 Wildfires 118 Community Assets 123 Analyze Risk 128 Summarize Vulnerability 128 Section 4. Mitigation Strategy Introduction 130 Mitigation Goal 130 Status of Actions from Last Plan 131 New Actions 137 City of Pearland, Texas: Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Page 13 of 210 [ FAR.LAND Section 5. Plan Maintenance Process Introduction 149 Monitoring, Evaluating and Updating the Plan 149 Integration into Existing Plans, Procedures and Programs 150 Continued Public Involvement 152 APPENDICES Appendix A Minutes from MPC meetings 154 Appendix B Stakeholder Letter 164 Appendix C Public Notice 166 Appendix D Pearland SHFA Mailing 167 Appendix E Building Forum Quarterly Newsletter 169 Appendix F Profile resulting in Omission of Hazard Example 183 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update ii Page 14 of 210 SECTION 1— INTRODUCTION AND ADOPTION THIS PLAN IS AN UPDATE In 2004 the City of Pearland completed its original Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) which was updated in 2010. The Plan was approved by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in 2012 and adopted by the City Council in 2012. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA, Section 201.6 (c)(4)(i)) requires a plan maintenance process, which includes reviewing and updating the Plan every five years. The intent of the current, updated Plan, while incorporating much of the first and second plans is to: • Include any newly identified hazards or remove hazards that are no longer deemed a hazard • Update the hazard/risk data • Update development data • Review, update or revise as necessary the goals and actions from the last Plan • Update the demographic information based on current information • Provide the planning process • Review and update plans or reports for inclusion in this update of the Plan This Plan is a single jurisdiction Plan representing the City of Pearland, Texas. An important step in the lengthy process of improving resistance to hazards is the development of a hazard mitigation plan. The Pearland Hazard Mitigation Plan Update was prepared in accordance with the guidelines provided by FEMA and the Texas Division of Emergency Management (TDEM). The original HMP was prepared in 2004 for several purposes. It set the stage for long-term disaster resistance through identification of actions that will, over time, reduce the exposure of people and property to hazards. Completion of the original Plan, and adoption by the City Council, was a significant step toward identifying potential hazards that threaten the City, assessing risk, and implementing mitigation actions that will reduce property damages, injuries, and loss of life from hazards. Approval of the original Plan and each subsequent update reviewed and approved by TDEM and FEMA also establish eligibility for certain mitigation grant funds. This HMP update continues the City's efforts to build a safe and resilient community and to be eligible for FEMA mitigation grants. SUMMARY There are five sections of this Plan all with the focus on the last five years 2012-2017 — the Introduction and Community Profile, the Planning Process, the Hazard Profiling and Risk Assessment, the Mitigation Strategy and the Plan Maintenance section. Each section provides updates in the last five years to the natural hazards that threaten the City, the people and property exposed to those hazards, the planning process, how hazards are recognized in the City's normal processes and functions, and priority mitigation action items. As in past years, when taking into account, the magnitude of past events, the number of people and properties affected, and the severity of damage, flood hazards clearly are the most significant natural hazard to threaten Pearland. Since the last Plan update, the City has taken tremendous efforts to prevent flooding, City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 1 Page 15 of 210 however, it also faced some of its greatest challenges in these last five years, specifically 2017 with the onslaught of Hurricane Harvey. The original Plan acknowledged that many buildings in the City were built before a nationwide effort was undertaken to map floodplains across the majority of the United States, or the widespread availability of Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs). Current regulations require new development to recognize reasonably anticipated flood hazards. Older buildings, then, may reasonably be expected to sustain more property damage than new buildings. This remains unchanged for the Plan update, recognizing that older buildings will most likely continue to be more susceptible to flooding than new construction due to floodplain regulations. The City must carefully balance development in hazard -prone areas with the tremendous growth in population both residential and commercial. Notable changes to this plan from the last iteration are as follows: • The goals have been streamlined from earlier versions. • The sections have been reduced from nine to five — however, the content from the four sections in the last plan have been merged into this Plan's five sections. • After the review of the hazards, the City determined that it will focus on natural hazards and remove discussions regarding man-made hazards. • Recognizing the importance of external stakeholder and public review and understanding of the hazard mitigation plan, the City did more outreach to solicit these two important group's views and expertise. • Since 2010, the City has annexed several Extra Territorial Jurisdictions (ETJ) into the City and the HMP has been updated to reflect this expansion. ADOPTION BY CITY COUNCIL The City of Pearland advised the City Council of its intent to update the hazard mitigation plan but will refrain from presenting the updated plan for adoption until after it has been submitted for review and approval by the Texas Division of Emergency Management (TDEM) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and has received notice from FEMA that this Plan is Approved Pending Adoption (APA), which indicates there are no more changes required by FEMA to the Plan. Thereafter the City will formally adopt the Plan and will include the Council's formal resolution. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2 Page 16 of 210 COUNCIL RESOLUTION WILL BE PLACED HERE City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 3 Page 17 of 210 COMMUNITY PROFILE Planning Area The City of Pearland is located in Southeast Texas, approximately 20 minutes from downtown Houston, see Figure I-1 for its location within the State. A majority of the City area is located within Brazoria County although a small portion of the City resides in both Fort Bend and Harris County. Beltway 8, Houston's second loop, runs along Pearland's northern boundary. In addition, State Highway 288, transits western Pearland, north and south. Ground surface elevations across the City vary from 31 feet to 65 feet above mean sea level. However, only minimally perceptible gradient changes are found along major drainage ways. Soils are mostly in the Lake Charles clay and Bernard clay loam complexes. Typical of the region, the dark gray soils are poorly drained, limiting private septic systems and increasing storm water runoff. Figure I-1 — City of Pearland Location within the State of Texas Most of the 68.92 square miles that falls under the City of Pearland's jurisdiction is within City limits and lies in northern Brazoria County, with portions extending into Harris and Fort Bend Counties. Since the last plan, the City's limits have expanded from 46.5 square miles to 68.92 square miles through annexation of areas previously under ETJ. Figure I-2 depicts Pearland's location within Brazoria County. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 4 Page 18 of 210 Sealy Figure I-2 — City of Pearland Located in Brazoria County. However, a small portion of the City falls in Harris and Fort Bend County Brookshire East : - nard f.J Wharton -ton ling Mg 5e Sugar Land RoseRift Bend Needville Van Vleck Bay City Matagorda eo Matagorda West Columbia Sargent f Harris Houston Bayto� ityrp Pasadena 5 Brazoria Lake Jackson Freeport AIvi nt Belvieu n TGalTeston • divest lsin'd es 51.59 square miles over which the City exercises jurisdiction lies within City Limits and 17.33 square miles resides in ETJ areas. Approximately 10.48 square miles with the City's expanded jurisdiction is developable land, of which 1.9 square miles reside in its ETJ. As of 2017, the geographic boundaries of the City including the ETJs are shown in Figures I-3 and I-4 and the undeveloped areas are shown in Figure I-5. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 5 Page 19 of 210 06Z 40 OZ abed Figure I-3 — City of Pearland City Limits and Extra Territorial Jurisdictions (ETJ) Map CITY OF PEARLAND City Limits & ETJ �..-...-4 Nylon T aft City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 6 O lZ 40 I. abed Figure I-4 — City of Pearland Annexation Map HOUSTON raj 103.7 »« 1999 I� OO5 ' ! 977 y1l.Y 1214 , tIN 7611 WE 17 - NG? 1B 226.1 2005 r1 Ii.�Qi3w_ I + r 19981P Ci { 1876 1996 lr M�"----- 1t`, 1..99 �41� 7001 rn1s le , 104 �t� 1.4999 f 924 CITY OF PEARLAND Annexation Ordinances 20011031 -- t �s J /'V.'�- r. i '+. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 7 6Z oZZe.e. Figure I-5 Map of Undeveloped Property in Pearland Texas, 2017 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 8 Climate The climate of the region is humid subtropical, with hot summers and mild winters. The area is typically sunny and mild with an average annual temperature of 68.9 degrees. The climate during the summer is moderated by prevailing cool southeasterly winds from the Gulf of Mexico. Summers are long with high daytime and moderate nighttime temperatures. Normally, the winters are short and mild. The average minimum January temperature is in the low 40's. During December, January, and February, the winds are generally northerly, but during the balance of the year southerly winds predominate. Generally, the heaviest precipitation occurs during thunderstorms in the spring, summer, and fall, and often is associated with tropical systems and hurricanes moving through the region. Rainfall averages about 48.19 inches per year and, although generally evenly distributed, the heaviest occurs in late spring or early fall. Population and Growth The entire State of Texas has grown by nearly a quarter between 2000 to 2013, while the Houston metropolitan area grew by nearly one-third, adding more than 1.3 million new residents (4.7 million in 2000 U.S.. Census Bureau estimate to roughly 6.2 million as of the 2012 estimate). Pearland grew markedly faster, increasing its population from 37,640 to an estimated 101,900 residents (170 percent) between 2000 and 2013. The 2016 U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimate estimated the population had increase to 113,570 residents. The Pearland Economic and Demographic Profile 2013 highlights that Pearland ultimately recorded the highest growth rate among large cities in the Houston Metropolitan Area between 2000-2013, moving it from the tenth to the third largest area city after Houston and Pasadena. Pearland continues to be the fastest growing city in Brazoria County. Brazoria County has added approximately 82,000 residents, growing about one-third with much of that growth accounted by the growth in Pearland. As indicated in the 2015 Pearland Comprehensive Plan, each year the annual City budget includes population growth assumptions for the subsequent five years. In the 2013-2014 budget, the five year projection for Fiscal Years 2014-2018 assumed continued growth of approximately three percent per year on average. If the assumptions are valid, the population of Pearland would increase to 120,100 in 2018, which would be an increase of 29,400 residents (32.4 percent growth) since 2009. The budget also indicated 2025 as the point when the current City limits may approach build -out. (Section 2, p.2.5). Table 1 provides the Pearland Population estimates. Table 1 Pearland Population Estimates Update: Jan. 2017 Jan. 1, 2014 Jan. 1, 2015 Jan. 1, 2016 Jul. 1, 2016 Jan. 1, 2017 City Limits 105,200 .108,800 115, 600 117,100 119,700 E.T.J. 26,600 /24,200 131,800 133,000 23,700 139,300 24,140 142,240 24,400 144,100 Total The 2016 U.S. Census estimates also shows this explosion of growth in Pearland, with a percentage change of population from 2010 to 2016 of approximately 26.3%, see Table 2. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 9 Page 23 of 210 Table 2 - US Census 2016 Estimate — PearlandTexas Population Population estimates, July 1, 2016, (V2016) 113,570 Population estimates base, April 1, 2010, (V2016) 89,910 Population, percent change - April 1, 2010 (estimates base) to July 1, 2016, (V2016) 26.3% Population, Census, April 1, 2010 91,252 ETJ population estimates are based on estimated growth over the past 6 months rather than permit data. Population growth will only continue to increase for Pearland. In the Comprehensive Plan, the City anticipates that the combined area within the City Limits and ETJ will reach a build -out population of just under 225,000 persons by 2042. These build- out assumptions would mean the addition of just over 80,000 more residents within current limits over the next couple of decades. Therefore, it is critical for the City to ensure that the existing infrastructure and systems are updated, expanded and developed to accommodate both short- term and long-term growth. Table 3 shows the number of residential, non-residential, and City -owned parcels of land, distinguished between vacant and improved. Since the 2012 update, the vacant residential parcels have declined by 47% and the improved parcels have grown by 77%. These 2017 figures were reviewed and verified by the City and are stated below. Table 3 Breakdown of Parcels for Pearland Residential Non -Residential City Owned Total Vacant Parcels 1,717 566 44 2,327 Improved Parcels 33,446 1,286 35 34,767 Total 35,163 1,852 79 37,094 While the US Census American Community Survey 5-year estimates from the 2016 Population Estimates in Table 4 had slightly less housing units (37,353) than the City, it is an estimate as opposed to the City's actual figure of 45,009. It too, shows a significant growth increase from 2010 (33,169 or 88%). The overall trend is clear, Pearland's population has increased and will continue to increase. The recent and continued population increase will consequently increase demand for housing. Table 4 US Census Population Estimates, 2016, Pearland City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 10 Page 24 of 210 US Census Population estimates, July 1, 2016, (V2016) Pearland, TX 113,570 Housing Housing units, July 1, 2016, (V2016) No Estimate Provided Housing units, April 1, 2010 33,169 Owner -occupied housing unit rate, 2012-2016 75.3% Median value of owner -occupied housing units, 2012-2016 $194,200 Median selected monthly owner costs -with a mortgage, 2012-2016 $1,902 Median selected monthly owner costs -without a mortgage, 2012-2016 $713 Median gross rent, 2012-2016 $1,218 Between 2012-2016, the median value of owner -occupied housing units increased from $163,500 in 2010 to $194,200, approximately a 19% increase. According to U.S. Census data and Pearland's Comprehensive Plan, Pearland's housing and population has continued to grow at a strong pace between 2012 and 2017. Clearly this growth has increased the amount of people and property at risk from natural hazards. The City of Pearland strictly enforces its floodplain ordinance, with a one -foot freeboard requirement above base flood elevation, and requires all new construction to be designed and constructed to withstand 110 mile per hour wind loads, which significantly reduces the potential vulnerability of new development to hazards that have had the highest historical impact on property. The information provided in Table 5, based on labor force figures, indicates that employment is not dominated by any single industry in Pearland. In 2016, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics reported Pearland's unemployment rate at 3.6%. This rate was below the State's estimated 4.8% and the national unemployment rate of 4.9%. Since 2005, Pearland's estimated labor force has grown from 31,302 to 57,462 in 2016. Table 5 - 2016 Labor Force Data by Jurisdiction Area Labor Force Employment Unemployment Umeiipioyment Rate Pearland 57,462 55,376 2,086 3.6% Brazoria County 170,077 160,839 9,238 5.4% Harris County 2,279,367 2,158,475 120,892 5.3% Houston MSA 3,310,294 3,134,979 175,315 5.3% Texas 13,360,842 12,723,289 637,553 4.8% Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics - December 2016 Household Income and Education The median household income for Pearland was an estimated $96,954 (Source: 2012-2016 ACS 5-Year Estimate, US Census Bureau) compared to $72,006 for the County and $54,727 for the City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 11 Page 25 of 210 State of Texas. Residents of the City of Pearland are highly educated with approximately 48.6% of Pearland's adult population holding a four year degree or higher as compared to the national average of 30.6%. Pearland residents are also more likely to have finished high school and gone on to post- secondary education. Over 78% of Pearland residents have some college, compared to the national average of 61% and over 96% of Pearland residents have obtained at least a high school diploma or GED. Place of Work While addressing potential hazards, it is important to note that much of the workforce in Pearland is mobile, working in the Houston/Galveston metropolitan areas. The 2016 Census Estimate indicates that most County residents work outside of the County (69.9%). Therefore, there are approximately 29.1% of residents that both live and work in the Brazoria County. The exact percentage for Pearland is not reported. Since 2005, Pearland's estimated labor force has grown from just over 31,302 individuals to 57,462 in 2016. The 2012 Survey of Business Owners found in the U.S. Census Community Fact Finder indicates there were 8,984 companies located in Pearland. The Pearland Economic Development Corporation has broken down the type of industry in the City as indicated in the Table 6 below. Table 6 Employment, by Industry (Source: City of Industry Percentage Industrial 36% Retail/ eisure 33% Office 10% Health Care 6% Other 15% Community Vision The City of Pearland updated its Comprehensive Plan in 2015. The plan guides public policy in terms of transportation, utilities, land use, recreation, housing, economic development and other important areas. Having a plan provides the City with the opportunity to address issues related to growth and service provision in a proactive, coordinated manner that promotes the health, safety, and general welfare of residents. The topics in the Comprehensive Plan include: Growth and Infrastructure, Mobility, Housing and Neighborhoods, Economic Development, Parks and Amenities, Land Use and Character Plan, and an Implementation Plan. The City of Pearland also updated its Emergency Management Plan (EMP) in 2017 which promotes the public health and safety through goals, objectives and action plans when an emergency or disaster occurs due to natural hazards or manmade hazards. The City, through the Emergency Management Department, maintains an Advanced Level Preparedness Program City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 12 Page 26 of 210 through routine review, update and exercise of the EMP. An annex to EMP (Annex P — Hazard Mitigation) specifically reviews and integrates information from this Hazard Mitigation Plan Process and update. These two plans have provided broad guidance and direction for this hazard mitigation update and in turn this plan update will be used as reference and guidance to those plans as they are reviewed and updated. Pearland's Hazard Mitigation Plan Goal The first two iterations of this plan had lengthy short and long term goals. This update has consolidated those goals into a more concise statement: The goal of this plan is to support the City of Pearland's efforts to protect the community's health, safety, and welfare by identifying and increasing public awareness of natural hazards, and mitigating risks due to those hazards without creating new problems. In addition, the City will work to: • Minimize and prevent damage to public and private buildings and infrastructure • Reduce economic losses • Increase cooperation and coordination among private entities, local agencies, State agencies and Federal agencies • Increase education, outreach, and awareness • Protect natural resources Community Facilities The City of Pearland has identified 145 critical facilities. Additionally, there are 100 wastewater lift stations and pump stations providing essential public or community services. There are 29 schools that could be used for sheltering residents, if needed. These buildings are used for various purposes including government administration, providing essential and emergency services, recreation and cultural and performing arts. Figure I-6 is a map of the critical facilities within the City. FIGURE I-6 MAP OF HAZARD MITIGATION CRITICAL FACILITIES IN PEARLAND, 2018 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 13 Page 27 of 210 CITY OF PEARLAND Critical Fa ,ilitilf & Floodplain A list of city facilities can be found in Section 5 Mitigation Strategy. However, the City -owned infrastructure consists of the following: Water Treatment Plants Wastewater Treatment and Sanitary Sewer Facilities Levees Bridges Roads, alleys, curbs, paths Parks Retaining Walls Buildings Storm drains Channels and culverts There are a number of critical facilities within the City Limits and ETJ that are not owned by the City. Examples include, U.S. Post Offices, Hospitals, Schools, County and State roads and Drainage District's detention/retention ponds, channels, culverts and other flood mitigation projects. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 14 Page 28 of 210 SECTION 2 — THE PLANNING PROCESS The Purpose of the Plan The Federal Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-390), referred to as the 2000 Stafford Act (DMA 2000), was approved by Congress on October 10, 2000. The Act intended to assist communities in reducing their risk from natural hazards by identifying resources, information and strategies for risk reduction and; through careful planning and collaboration among public agencies, stakeholders and the public; prepare and regularly update mitigation plans. To implement the DMA 2000 planning requirements, FEMA prepared an Interim Final Rule, published in the Federal Register on February 26, 2002 which established planning and federal funding criteria for states and local communities. The Act required both state and local governments to develop hazard mitigation plans as a condition for federal grant assistance. These plans must be updated, reviewed and approved every five years. The Mitigation Planning Process Pearland followed a well -established planning process to update its Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP). The process is fully documented in the original plan, but substantial parts of that plan have been eliminated from this update in order to keep the current document to a reasonable length. The City maintains a copy of the original and updated plan, which can be reviewed upon request. The mitigation planning process for the 2018 HMP Update was facilitated by a mitigation planning consultant. The Plan Update process followed the FEMA Local Hazard Mitigation Plan regulations set forth in 44 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 201.6, and is FEMA's official source for defining the requirements for original and updated local hazard mitigation plans. In addition, the FEMA Local Mitigation Planning Handbook (March 2013) was used as a practical guide to ensure all requirements were satisfied for this update. The Mitigation Planning Committee (MPC) was reconvened. The MPC leads the review and draft of the update. During the first meeting, the team identified members who are no longer working in their respective positions and additional members who needed to be included on the MPC. Table 7 lists the MPC for this plan update. Minutes were prepared for each meeting to document the process and keep the plan on task. Those minutes can be found at the end of the plan in Appendix A. Table 7 Mitigation Planning Committee for the Pearland HMP Update MPC Member Organization/Title Joyce Hawkins Pearland Emergency Management/Planner Roland Garcia Pearland Fire/Assistant Chief —Community Risk Reduction Robert Upton Pearland Engineering and Capital Projects/Director of Engineering Rajendra Shrestha Pearland Engineering and Capital Projects/Assistant Director of Engineering Peter Martin Pearland Emergency Management Coordinator Jeff Ward JSWA/Mitigation Plan Consultant Kristen Thatcher JSWA/Mitigation Plan Consultant Dan Ward JSWA/Mitigation Plan Consultant City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 15 Page 29 of 210 Early in the planning update process, the MPC undertook a detailed review of every section of the existing plan. The MPC identified all the subject areas where specific updates were required. For example, census figures, the numbers and locations of City -owned buildings, impacts of recent hazard events (including Hurricane Harvey), as some examples. The second purpose of the review was to ensure that the updated Plan is fully compliant and responsive to all of the FEMA requirements. The review indicated that while changes and updates were needed throughout the document, most of the modifications were relatively limited as hazards did not change significantly, and did not require a significant initial public component such as focus groups or surveys. The MPC met five times during the update process. The first meeting took place on September 12, 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to begin the planning process, finalize the MPC membership, to make certain decisions about contents of the plan, and to assign specific tasks to City staff and consultants. Most of the tasks were related to updating information and maps as well as identifying which areas (of each section) required updates. Each section of the current plan was then reviewed and analyzed to determine which areas required update. This included areas of the plan such as the hazards profiled (and hazard data), the risk assessment, goals, maps, status from action items in the last iteration of the plan and new action items. The second MPC meeting was held on September 26, 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to review the status of various tasks, to identify the stakeholders and to review the status of the mitigation actions from the current plan. The Stakeholders are individuals or groups that are affected by a mitigation plan and/or have or specific knowledge or expertise in an area that can be helpful with the update and were invited to participate by a formal letter (see example, pg.159). The Stakeholders for this update are listed in Table 8. As part of the Plan Update, certain elements of the original Plan have been retained, and irrelevant or outdated information has been edited or removed. Focus of the plan update included incorporating new hazard information, re-evaluating the City risk assessment, and developing and prioritizing potential mitigation actions and projects. Table 8 Stakeholders for Pearland Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Stakeholder Member Title Organization Method Of Invite J.L. Spires Police Chief Pearland Police Department Letter Chris Orlea Director Pearland Parks and Recreation Letter Cynthia Pearson Director Pearland Finance Department Letter Robert Upton Interim Director Pearland Public Works Letter Mike Masters Manager Pearland GIS Letter Carry Capers Interim Director Pearland Communications Letter John McDonald Director Pearland Community Development Letter Clay Pearson City Manager City of Pearland Letter City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 16 Page 30 of 210 Stakeholder Member Title Organization Method of Invite Jon Branson Deputy City Manager City of Pearland Letter Trent Epperson Assistant City Manager City of Pearland Letter Joel Hardy Grants Administrator City of Pearland Letter Matt Buchanan President Pearland Economic Development Corporation Letter Vance Riley Fire Chief City of Pearland Letter Dr. DeeAnn Powell Superintendent Pasadena Independent School District Letter Jeff Wilson Compliance Coordinator Alvin Independent School District Letter Ron Schmitz Emergency Management Coordinator City of Alvin Letter Matt Cline Assistant Director of Maintenance Pearland Independent School District Letter Larry J. Allen, P.E. Project Coordinator, Precinct 1 Harris County Flood Control District Letter Michelle Milliard, P.E. District Engineer Texas DOT - Brazoria County Area Office Letter Grady Mapes, P.E. District Engineer Texas DOT — Fort Bend County Area Office Letter Craig Bailey Rosie Fonseca Mayor City Secretary Brookside Village Letter Mike Yost Superintendent Brazoria Drainage District No. 4 Letter Jeff Braun Emergency Management Coordinator Fort Bend County Letter Steve Rosa Emergency Management Coordinator Brazoria County Letter Mark Sloan Emergency Management Coordinator Harris County Letter Terry Byrd Emergency Management Coordinator City of Friendswood Letter Kyle J. Jung Emergency Management Coordinator City of Manvel Letter Carol Artz-Bucek President Pearland Chamber of Commerce Letter During the third meeting on October 17, 2017, the MPC focused on finalizing the goal and status of actions in the current plan. In addition, discussions on best methods to engage the stakeholders and public were discussed, with guidance from the City's Communications Department. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 17 Page 31 of 210 The November 7, 2017 meeting focused on the hazard profiling and risk assessment and new actions. A draft schedule was prepared: MPC MPC MPC MPC MPC TDEM and FEMA City Council Review of complete first draft Modifications based on review Letter to stakeholders for review Presentation to public, compile feedback Prepare and submit final draft Review and letter of approval Final adoption after approval January, 2018 January -April, 2018 April, 2018 April 23, 2018 June, 2018 2018 2018 The MPC met January 31, 2018 to review a draft and to prepare to engage the Stakeholders for input and public comment. The original version of the plan included a general description of the planning process in this subsection. It has been eliminated in the update in the interest of brevity. The original plan can be reviewed at the City of Pearland Engineering Department. Documentation of the Planning Process It is important to document the planning process to inform the public and other readers about the overall approach to the plan update and to document who participated and how decisions were reached. To facilitate this documentation: • Minutes were maintained for the MPC meetings. • A letter was forwarded to the stakeholders to describe their role in the plan and planning effort and specify the means to provide that input. An example is attached to the plan update in Appendix B. • The MPC presented the draft plan update to the Council for its consideration and to initiate public review and comment. The draft plan update was posted to the City's website and was mailed to interested parties upon request. The public was informed how to provide input during a 30-day comment period; • Once comments were received, the MPC finalized the draft and submitted it to TDEM for review and FEMA approval. Community Participation Consistent with the City's standard practice of informing, engaging and involving citizens, and to fulfill public participation requirements of the mitigation planning programs, the City publicized the initiative, invited residents to review the plan update and solicited public comment. During this Plan update process the public was involved by requesting their attendance and participation in a public presentation/meeting was convened in the City's Council's chambers. Preliminary drafts of the Plan update were available for public review, and the public was invited to provide input on the document for 30 days. The City published public notices on April 1 1th City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 18 Page 32 of 210 and April 18th, 2018 about the draft plan in The Pearland Reporter before the meeting (See Appendix C, Public Notice Document) and on the City's website. In addition, the City, through its Communications Department informed the public of the opportunity to review. Local Capabilities Assessment and Integration The City of Pearland is governed by the Council/Manager form of government in accordance with the Home Rule Charter adopted by the voters in February, 1971. The City Council is the legislative and policy -making body of the City. It consists of the Mayor and 7 members elected at -large for 3-year, staggered terms. Elections are held annually the second Saturday in May. The Mayor and Council provide community leadership, develop policies to guide the City in - delivering services and achieving community goals, and encourage citizen awareness and involvement. In addition to the Council/Manager structure, the City government is organized into the following departments (www.pearlandtx/gov/departments see Figure PL-1): Administration, Animal Services, City Secretary, Communications, Community Development, Convention and Visitors Bureau, Economic Development, Engineering and Capital Projects, Finance, Fire, Human Resources, Legal, Municipal Court, Parks and Recreation, Police, Public Works, Stella Roberts Recycling Center and Water Billing. Over the past ten years, the City has created or merged departments to better address hazard mitigation. In addition, the City works hard to ensure that these departments work collaboratively on hazard mitigation issues, with strong integration so that all departments can provide expertise and resources and are informed of mitigation decisions and actions. Table 9 illustrates Departments and their division responsibilities: Figure PL-1 City of Pearland Departments City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 19 Page 33 of 210 CITY HALL City Secretary Communications Legal COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Comprehensive Plan Planning Monthly Notifications Permits Development Services ANIMAL SERVICES Adopt a Pet Animal Services FAOs Pet Licensing CONVENTION 8 VISITOR'S BUREAU Film Relocation PEARLAND LIBRARIES Tom Reid Library Weslside Library FINANCE Budgel Purchasing Division Tax Into 5 Year CIP - Current FIRE Community Risk Reduction Emergency Medical Services Fire Operations Fire Training Code Enforcement Commumly Education HERO Program Recruitment EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Emergency Preparedness MAPS (GIS) Interactive and Standard Maps MUNICIPAL COURT Court Procedures Your Rights Pay a Fine Court Schedule Information for Trials Court FAOs HUMAN RESOURCES Fire Department Recruitment Police Department Recruitment Current Openings Benefits PARKS a RECREATION About Us Parks Trails and Sidewalks Urban Forestry Facilities Programs Special Events Volunteers Forever Parks Foundation WATER BILLING Aner Hour Water Issues Bill Pay Options Start!Cancel Service Temporary Service Application • 10 Days ENGINEERING AND CAPITAL PROJECTS Engineering Division Prowls Division Traffic Advisories Hughes Ranch Rd. Expansion Linwood, Orange, Old Alvin Improvements Max Road Expansion McHard Rd Extension Smith Ranch Rd Widening Protecl FM 518 Widening FM 521 SH 288 Initiatives Home Mitigation or Buyout Program POLICE Alarm Permits Basic Event Search Crash Reports Crime Reduction Tips Crime Stalistres Divisions Ontine Incident Report Police Ttaintng R A 0 Training Recruitment Sale Exchange Zone Surveillance Camera Registration PUBLIC WORKS Streets 8 Drainage Water Production FOG (Fats, Oils and Grease) Traffic Signal Systems DISPOSAL SERVICES Green Waste Recycling Garbage Services Heavy Trash Household Hazardous Waste Commercial Garbage The MPC reviewed existing City's capabilities; considering authorities, policies, programs and resources available. Due to the nature of their work, not all of the departments are involved in hazard mitigation efforts, so the table below describes the various capabilities residing in the departments and commissions that have mitigation responsibility or support mitigation efforts. The assessment of the mitigation goals, programs and capabilities included a review of the following categories: • Administrative and technical resources - refers to the community's staff and their tools and skills that can be used for mitigation planning and to implement specific mitigation actions. It also refers to the ability to access and coordinate these resources effectively. • Financial resources — Financial capabilities - the resources that a jurisdiction has access to or is eligible to use to fund mitigation actions. • Planning and regulatory —implementation of ordinances, polices, local laws and state statutes, and plans and programs that relate to the management and governance of growth and development to include: Local ordinances, zoning and building codes On -going plans or projects City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 20 Page 34 of 210 • Education and outreach —refers to education and outreach programs and methods already in place that could be used to implement mitigation activities and communicate hazard - related information. With respect to planning for and responding to natural hazard events, the key elements of the City's organization are broken down between the four areas listed above, some departments fall into more than one category in Table 9. Table 9 Department Capabilities a 'A o cl o = cw A" pU Administrative and Technical Regulatory and Planning Financial Resources Education and Outreach Further information Departments City Ha11(Administration) X X X X Day-to-day management and oversight of City departments City Secretary X Maintains permanent records including ordinances, resolution, meeting minutes. Communications X Community . Development X X X Responsible for planning and zoning, permitting, and building inspections. Economic Development X X X Supports community's economic vitality through the attraction, retention and expansion of primary employers. Works to ensure business climate and built environment strongly support these efforts by focusing on aesthetics, infrastructure, quality of life, image, workforce and quality development and redevelopment. Engineering and Capital Projects X X X X Provides engineering planning, design, and construction administration for street, storm drainage, water, and sewer projects in Pearland, in addition to providing technical support to other City departments. The department also provides engineering review of subdivision plats and plans, building site plans for proposal inside the City limits and review and construction inspections of subdivision improvements within the City and the ETJ. The department maintains record drawings of construction improvements and topographic maps. Also responsible for management and oversight of all projects approved by the City Council, including roads, bridges, and public buildings. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 21 Page 35 of 210 CA Cli cw E .O Ag y . 4E CQ Cm L Administrative and Technical Regulatory and Planning Financial Resources Education and Outreach Further information Finance X X X X Procurement Long Range Financial Planning Annual Budget (sources & uses of funds) Cash Management & Investments Debt Management (issuance and payment of debt) Utility Billing Seek & secure grants and grant monitoring and reporting Fire X X X X The Pearland Fire Department is responsible for fire suppression, emergency medical response, rescue, fire investigation, fire inspections, code enforcement, public education, and emergency management within its jurisdiction. The goal of the department is to provide for the safety, health and well-being of citizens within the City of Pearland and its (ETJ). The department provides 24-hour service to the citizens of Pearland and responds to more than 10,000 calls for service per year. The Department currently serves an area of over 75 square miles with a population of more than 130,000. Pearland is ranked as the 2nd fastest growing city in Texas and the Department is well suited to adapt to the ever -changing challenges this speed presents. Since 2007, PFD has evolved from a volunteer department to a primarily career department, supplemented by part-time employees and volunteers, staffing five stations that are manned 24/7. This unique staffing plan brings the department a wealth of complementary capabilities and experience from its various personnel and their backgrounds. Legal X X, Advises the City Council and provide competent and efficient legal services to all departments within the City of Pearland, to take proactive steps to identify and resolve potential legal complications for the City of Pearland, and to zealously defend and advocate the position of the City of Pearland with the singular goal of achieving that which is in the best interest of the City of Pearland and its citizens. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 22 Page 36 of 210 ice'+ \ 0 it C1.0 c,° E AaU Administrative and Technical Regulatory and Planning Financial Resources Education and Outreach Further information Parks and Recreation -Urban Forestry Program X X X The Urban Forestry program exists to help residents select the appropriate trees for planting, to provide education about proper tree care and the benefits of trees, and to protect, preserve, and restore the urban forest canopy through code enforcement, planning and tree planting coordination. The City of Pearland has been recognized as a Tree City USA for its efforts to preserve and enhance the urban forest. Police X X X Police - The Pearland Police Department currently has 167 police personnel. Supports mitigation in times of project protection and traffic support, and expertise in emergency situational issues as well as community education and outreach. Public Works X X X Consists of administration, streets and drainage, water and sewer construction and wastewater treatment. Streets & Drainage maintains approximately 185 miles of streets and 300 miles of ditches (cleaning 70-80 miles each year). Planning and Zoning Commission Composed of seven members appointed by the City Council. It is an advisory board to the City Council on land use matters and also is the final decision -making authority on matters related to subdivision plat approval. The Commission's fundamental powers include: • Amend, extend and add to the master plan for the physical development of the City; • Recommend, approve or disapprove plats of proposed subdivisions submitted in accordance with city ordinances; • Recommend to the City Council the approval or disapproval of proposed changes in the zoning plan; • Make and recommend to the City Council for adoption, plans for the clearance and rebuilding of slum districts and blighted areas; • Recommend to the City Council the amendment, extension and revision of the building code; and • Submit annually a prioritized list of recommendations for capital improvements. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 23 Page 37 of 210 Administrative and Technical Resources The City's Emergency Management Department is responsible for coordinating emergency planning, preparation and response, under the oversight of a full-time Emergency Management Coordinator. The City maintains an Emergency Management Plan (EMP) - Version 2.0 that was last reviewed and updated in September, 2017. In addition to the emphasis on hazard mitigation in this plan, the City prepares by participating in internal and external training and exercises several times a year. Pearland also has early warning capability. City leadership, staff and many residents rely on official weather forecasts issued by the National Weather Service (NWS) office in League City, Texas. The City pays for a weather service that sends weather updates and alerts to Emergency Services, including the Police and Fire Departments. Emergency Management staff routinely monitor the weather forecast and circulate NWS warnings and advisories to alert leadership and staff of hazardous weather. • Everbridge Alerts: Residents get connected through text messages, emails, and phone calls, as well as tailored messaging for every member of the family. Everbridge is also used for mass communications and allows public alerting via geo-addressing with listed telephone numbers and can also alert specific communities, blocks or the entire City; • Pearland Connect: The City prepares a monthly newsletter to keep residents informed of important information and developments affecting the City and its citizens • New releases: Residents can subscribe to receive the latest news and information released by the City; and • Connect2Pearland: Allows residents with mobile phones to report issues, track progress of issues, view other requests in their area and when profile information is provided, allows residents to be updated by email when issues are being addressed. To facilitate the City's early flood warning capabilities, Pearland completed a project installing nine stream gages that were transferred to the Brazoria Drainage District 4 (BDD4) in August- 2017, which agreed to maintain and operate the gages. The gages link to the Harris County Flood Control network and provide the public with a user-friendly format that is a part of the flood warning system which measures rainfall and monitors water levels in bayous and major streams on a real-time basis to inform the public of dangerous weather conditions. The system relies on 154 gage stations strategically placed throughout Harris County bayous and their tributaries. The stations contain sensors that transmit observed data during times of heavy rainfall and during tropical storms and hurricanes. Some gages also measure wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, air temperature, road temperature and humidity. The City owns six weather stations, there is a link from the Public Works Department website and can be viewed on Davis WeatherLink website and mobile application. The three figures (PL-2, PL-3 and PL-4) below show the location of the gages in Pearland, describe the type of data/maps that can be derived to help the public understand rainfall and flood risk in a particular area, a city or even a street. This information can be found at: www.harriscountyfws.org. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 24 Page 38 of 210 Figure PL-2 shows FWS Rain fall for entire HCFCD area in one year At t11111 1 A0011111I I UUCIINRI IWIANY MOISANY IML 11N 1,1N M SININ[IS YA► VIEW OP CM1•rn•t• • to col Rinhl os Mw� •.I[••• uN•4ww -.,••1 Woo.. RNdMY F•Yp 1..N o LfN I 3 Mimi Y. AOORl1I IEAReN �wW .I YAf N.wrsJ.� .rrn •k1 [.w }Allt, nt., 11 Ittl u.Illu,,➢I'1',e, V'i, S 9si .1.4 It m J 4 .vdi � c.r Is.v S_55 M� • 1 Jl /SNJ +t _Li* Li NI V M M1 KM »NNM i�-•111 a1 n/11 jai tl nyJ S.:N4 Y •-�It' �i 4 N� " Ns+' N 1 } `.6 nI Arr. irr tM ISM N» 7AIA1 � Mn II to 10 uM� j2 S M %N NM» 10B13 a1 0 W, t City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update '75 `Cr Page 39 of 210 '1111T j't ARI AL) Fi ure PL-3 shows rainfall for a s ecific a • e for one month 41 Co' ..1011;10 109 Wt. WA ASV/ DIMON{ , • ta1•1•1 tam.. warwr,..r.....erar Carr. er 41.04104. • 410, yr, mr• APOIlt SS 1•4111C11 harriLISIZ er•••••••• r•re.:::•••••••,. Fra--;.706.1.• I4- C -•.• • Eilesaita e:7=7474 QWEIsr ' \ ••••••• ,,/./ ., „.• ...,/,,,, •\.,, . ,,,,,..,, 4 7 /...,,,..... v••• r\,---.0r, .F• •, ...• / ', .• NPe e• 1.....TR, ROI WM. •Lts, X 0.1 • a \ MM. it 111041.11 ••• ..•••• "Ow= Figure PL-4 shows rainfall for the City of Pearland in a 24 hour period 14.1•60, hts•lho. 111011.1 Iimoras• •••••• - • -4- 1.1••••••••• 0 i Cinial•mn • , ...lopi•Ity••••,,snr City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 26 Page 40 of 210 In addition, after Hurricane Harvey, the City has now designated additional staging and sheltering locations. Four schools, two churches and the City's two recreation centers may be used for shelters; the primary shelter is stocked with blankets and cots. The City is also pursuing various initiatives to enhance its emergency response capability, particularly flood response. Regulatory and Planning The City of Pearland maintains a website to provide current and concise information regarding Code Enforcement. Tables 10 and 11 below describes the departments responsible for inspection, permitting or building approval and the applicable regulations or guidelines. Table 10 Code Compliance Departmental Responsibility CODE COMPLIANCE DEPARTMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY pearlandtx.gd. V.c aDon Type Primary Contact DeliartMent Responding Departments P = Primary C = Constdted Fr, ;1z !MI !tat v/t !tor F' t .Ia+Att Irian) tt9) Datpdtted struchres Brush Piles la9d pees vac tlYJ7rtM9ipT S,afer ries mredlrtary:oetr Ilkga dumping (Etdading Storm Drarn 1 r Statelier nae:a Pore Ras, rstwskc4.rd,x•ssa Garbage =rvrtn n;n Grease Taps WI - Inside! outs+Oe Inspections ntlabsna Signs Psrr,s nap sd4+dt Pau-aa Wort wands send Tenant Pxloa-aes warout C 0 Junked Vehicles now 014-Ee5 33162 Sufi Sheer Parsrg of vahicles for more than 72 hrs :61 IV •}i6 Parting of vdictes on street ore/ 25 Parting on grass Detenton Ponds Sa3Ic Tans P C P C C marry C C C C 33167 611 611E 036 C P C 6167 1756 r 331652 ttlF C P 3316E2 SB C at= IXO r 0 Hanocap regulation =plants Tree MaI terarce rids 139Ps and weeds Mwgrtlocontro (Nmdldby counties} :51 th2 1766 M1116T166 lyds "344)0k P P P P P C V C P LEGEND raa Cf4,F1YE4's ao a'rslas MCEI Cods Horan.* IVO Eryrnennp 1151)) hsp0.to m 5waeres Nista iM14 PLL4c Work IP01 Poky P IP+►�I Prajech I J4I P1441.113 IU6; Lbiti Lnrg IF`n Fre Wray! City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 27 Page 41 of 210 DEVELOPMENT RELATED CODES Tne laid Feerbed mrumen la answer; /*elan.,haw ms reverend, ley del seamed re nee *estate Now Is emu ter ,nte t Orem* the rndn. Fort. guSinee. 1 repeals yam need o Srrytra,ta poet be Ca'.na ten CetDea roc ^+eltnam whore Greve, IlkMOM Bi Table 11 Code Compliance Departmental Responsibility Codes Eaarpits of auras alai•cssen 0y r. -•'/s repulaMns e greening Dee» Cranes Mane al CEOCNI - Neat memo. 7.'eM:r, rlmiIonal Building Code (IBC' 2012 lomenahona F smtic q Cede IIFC; 2C 12 eMemabona M14 t l.aI Code FMC) 2012 for-.:n.ee.., _ . FI.Em.alEleerie Cede INEC) (Fa asv.fsmithset.v., In2M'atrone Ererg, Code Count IIECC; it0f keen -anon. Fun and Gas Code IIFGCI 2C 12 Intemahon. Resde lb.l Code IP!C? M12 ¢o cn,1ems lnletn.ei4ru+ Fite. Cede IPC12011 111161ndinn4 P.0lprty►{) Int WMP ColM (Pe1C12012 Cornpnehen.,Pb.2,p Unmet Dwekproe1 I Code • .1,.r,.: ; •f rM1..t. polfR Term Canna. on E r.nnme it Onatty loam O_Pl uI. hareynMlam IgEuWvr L';aeefp Pitt Wlln, IWe • 0Y. b MORON puC.nlr rr sear. eas lee Mrd*Wee Men mewl 42.11. aw Sere, Mena treat., cent anteing noise.at ed 411.0 leorlrta ne.r.:e, iraa l.dpercer0R CreraP 34.1P'LPr. alga nn7.oOre t%v0Ades ttrecloo1 »a r ado Nam Jam dsrHrl Pad real ed vier Dar,p11e Inn engineatl anew, woo* ennese ■aP featndNs .Msdrn gnsr;e Ir 0M41 n#01. Teed deosn/tpua,neer deaf pitons moil ?Or Wee.tmow'®a orl-fogatltoos 11.1e20117d Meet o'0N od Fmk rrmxi:n rd -e1015 kr orrnevl tudga aa:.eern ram rc oa_wrtr fo1 ,uL'a r then "Saran r0tlred„are urn•: vi' .Lg a . man of Fart w+'bwstl 0a. FM arrrreai nrtw'r tfof ry aa.re.s.r b nr>t, •,'r aerenfk ybr MW7vabp1aa amine* re on. NOT* Mahan el roue gasmen waxen et =Mk leer dri thee. en eS.naM..d:'wnf HsL natter.. oils o were serum ...d mew' w1* WW1..Ie M.euaba Mouse i dM.M led nkerns. ardene nnevetato widen edam*beehneq rep.,rs ad ant fore, on.4,foant nes.aa-.a.l1, peal na, sron.y-.s.. awe,, %.I Nl .i.rtlero,rrrrwolop Iyllen we Nark hmfcee stl tall* M11Ma elMIPei FPVtree,.. 1.1Pnsalinnea aw *peon spine wdletlN.ml*aa One Iedleeeees Owen* 30rssls•ppeabemUmrta tiles date adadrtsW ads • et Ida Ye Fennel ;nem and precan.as: penal sett/ sciences 014TQ name In ,nr pd.7rp fqd torn', ,silt sl Kwdrlq*'#In 0.i)nn 0.: 0'ur.,1 n,7fnnl*e Code6'Mneeve imam ran,tre donttgwar es an Meuse. Tx mete reyenr1t foe rim.] t /pant nennnn amplYle e\e tr Per aeT Irdepn! ' gapeCharien F*, id cots, frog hadtnno am Weead.0. +ale'I, Pan. eic raada feat 1luebrn an Lae ed tree a' on evens needed hayed serene aMamne ream* s mime etetOYnreat!'na need Mr►oG'70 aMwrl lard matt fee -own,nein edtienrieveneea min el.:ewt Or', lynpe. beer 111eeer00 y.pnQeetreen nTpr:r rr,-,. .n..mm0G vOlef Ewen; dean moves*P horse Ogaalmen of Pea ton Regulation CN 7trnre'r Fade rs leer tones won 1Y'araisesre, 00ren.t1C0.xa.e noxen.ffia,W7. reor2Wn'em. lean redo* awn *me a pen:DM. sa,nN.ae Pps v)7r.v2s et 1 am amnr.em ineeran n Nan .end MpNey ems a Vote.eras usage d metre elates nee ter Ion The City of Pearland regulates development in a well -planned manner that is consistent with the City's vision for its future. As a fast-growing community, the City is committed to developing to serve the best interests of all its residents and business interests. Creation of a Unified Development Code (UDC) and Permitting Protocol In 2003-2004 the City evaluated its ordinances and processing procedures to improve coordination and to ensure that the City's goals are achieved. On February 27, 2006, the UDC was adopted by the City Council. The UDC replaces the previous Land Use and Urban Development Ordinance, Subdivision Ordinance, and Tree Ordinance. The UDC has been amended several times since February 2006, most recently in 2016. (Source: City of Pearland Planning Department) Comprehensive Plan of the City of Pearland (2015). Texas state statute requires that cities must have a comprehensive plan specifying their overall development goals, objectives, polices City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 28 Page 42 of 210 and criteria for physical development and expansion in order to regulate the use of land (zoning) within their corporate limits. It is a flexible document that can be adapted for changing conditions that occur within the City over time. In 2015 the City completed the Comprehensive Plan Update. The updated Plan can be found on the City's website at: http:// www.pearlandtx.gov/departments/community-development/2015-comprehensive-plan-update Land Use & Urban Development Ordinance No. 509-H (revised April 22, 2002). The purpose of the ordinance is to "zone the entire area of the city of Pearland into districts in accordance with a comprehensive plan for the purpose of promoting health, safety, morals and the general welfare of the general public." Building Code. The 1997 edition of the Southern Building Code, with revisions, was adopted in 1998. In 2002, the City adopted the International Residential Code for one- and two-family dwellings. The current adopted building codes for the City are 2015 International Code Council (ICC) Series. The City currently has a Building Code Effectiveness Grading Schedule (BCEGS) rating of 4/5 commercial and residential on a scale of 1-10, with 1 representing exemplary administration of a model code. For wind speed, the City, in Sec. 7-62 of the City ordinance, adopted the design wind speed of the Texas Department of Insurance as adopted in Title 28 of VTCA Administrative Code §5.4011. In addition to providing all of the ordinances online, the City has the capability for the user to see where there were new changes (marked new) and can easily activate a link in the webpage to see the changes (show changes). An example is found in Figure PL-5. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 29 Page 43 of 210 Figure PL-5 Example of Ordinance Information for Pearland • NM" t enpu liSMP, .4.1%14.ya1040y141 JO* l Z. 4ur4n :..a v.•#.. •4 T1.4. (1400t . -;t 11113 lit/Ks1tltWR. to.ftftag sunrtoa. #.71wp0iAnON 04p11410F 1AC1. ,LIIPOSl 1N0 elif DOS !ec 10h.1. - Sta4Aar 4 V1014 4On. r • Ll a GESl1AI 1.r141W.`S ▪ Lk Pi AtftAhlftlAten ✓ - tt Y.- Waft1,0Ni KA0%0:0 PIDutTX t_ al MM. 11 . R7CO ah0 e0.tl ,A1Ct Les SOtapOr 112 - GYt6L,e skis Sec. 1Oh-4 • Methods 14 reducing 000E tosses. %a 4 art* to rca4pwh ws mappers .E4L veftwte +we..ti **wog wvn.0w • Cew ri of;MOOR UM *at mdp, .r*LolftM0.+N1Mr p0owgMmNs 00,4ta .. u+re#mvre 4wewnn Raft, nrlpat c. #staked. 1,0 eeatweprt VMn 4*1.0 0*1011M 1.C4*4*0KMR3**041/4*SUA W4 Vl4*Vn!60 Awt1Mod woo. q/M or. sinew coM 1n10rt (_t Ca4Ya/Oe 41sa4era M naus A<Wprlu.ammo awwn renera prarme Ornet Waft rewwif et Y Dccerei 14aerlta et 0eee101011t itt fAdiWi iefelr **gip"! rat aher11,..te.4we Owh met *Mall O NI9lwr/c Mssaeswam .trcwetaaee et*NM erlrrL4ntawautltateaft weata400 wares a 1*114, tt*.0*r hood warm+ Mgt rut 1a7 ,00*r 1*WwteyIe4Muw*^+gMMwaer+4NWy Cs* Mf O•.+r04*14* 70e.1 444 YLk. S tHoh a# R l 1* Secs. 10114--1045-19 -Resented ARTICLE It. • DEFINITIONS Sec. 1011.20. • QurLf.cal.a.•.(peflrutions.I ♦ 41 a LJ ♦ F.etass w.4•-9EeotKatlf .+tw....0ee..s0 «<oe.pn.-•r'+•••w0. th a alarm wad Pt Rn ewer r va. r. "aim lea rt stldne1144 russet tte.esettttrd w.dl0/Ma lra duels h melt rE+no aedt andueal mere n1rosedeeessi%ewe:serereg are tee 1+ata:a M an Amu.Urn a snrar tt WSW* felt/1 aNOor is no orE M40 n etrwer+ea st npo 0414 Owl* acu.e 1440004 144eerie, t*Mtwe 0eneairt a4QMoo4Wt; NEE unioNicutEif 00w.laee. woo.eor0 a YOee M a AMeLirea lard*'ief#ian, Uerw,RWE4MUe/e11FerpYJ0. SWUM sled%e s eM Eon 1Kdont* wre+eaAt4.11r 0* 4414.4 +EM0s0tw( fan 00444. s ie40W CIONGIS 4 Q se Y Reten[Changes ttOrtINt17 11nt0e. 1Aaia _ Sr. 741t.t. -0.0atewwas4wen +tygh. t0.. ,koco OM44rJ ..1 • 0. unit 1e.P. CAP•40Oftftwa Sec *4 9-1 .stab rr4 mahr1Yrr.. rapes in•. nno wtA4 t l NeYW. Lean Cane 40 O.t9a.e Set to*a • ewes. OWL (Mplre 1.202 flOr9taAMess.� 1e04.+..e loss. (AV 4f 0 iomft tat /et.j • hello++ Nf/mpr 0-. 4*.• 1.34 0101EO ChM... Pelelyni 'e.#n 11n11 n1 ant.. led 0ONa • Wp1a4endue" 11sa lanes 41•41.n left II044404 t*ra-■ YPraM, tress ca.* of Grams e rel Ben1F1,01 te. • 7spw1 04pen 'Oh rtu4n 0.40. 4.vatM 1,4s. C4Noaauw sec 1011-231DetY4eent P4v:Pw li,.e4 f•44,at4P*i tau /01Lj•-1e0.10 tlnnt4* Engineering Design Criteria Manual. The City of Pearland updated its Engineering Design Criteria Manual in October, 2016 that helps parties interested in development understand design requirements and approvals required prior to any construction. As noted in section 1, the City of Pearland has experienced significant growth in recent years, especially in residential construction. Table 12 summarizes the residential and commercial building permit statistics between 2012 and 2017. The table shows that the number of residential and multi -family building permits during this time period peaked in 2013 at 1,949. In 2017 the City issued a total of 1,661 building permits. Table 12 Building Permits and Development Permits (2012 - 2017) Source: City of Pearland Year Single Family Multi -Family Commercial aliyotal 2012 931 0 372 1,303 2013 941 1,008 208 2,157 2014 961 0 322 1,283 2015 1,457 284 269 2,010 2016 1,221 0 436 1,657 2017 1,017 407 237 1,661 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 30 Page 44 of 210 Building Code Staff Capabilities The City employs seven building inspectors, two plans examiners, and eight code enforcement officers (three focus on health inspections, 3 focus on code enforcement for zoning and nuisance abatement violations; 1 is in the supervisory position and 1 focuses on City housing enforcement); all are certified and licensed by the International Code Council (ICC) and if required, the State of Texas. Inspections. Pearland conducts inspections of all permitted development. A series of inspections is conducted on every building, ranging from foundation and framing, mechanical and electrical, plumbing, and fire code inspections. As a consequence of recent growth, the total number of inspections has risen significantly in recent years. With regard to floodplain development, a permit is required to do any of the following in a floodplain: build, rebuild, bring in fill dirt, re -grade the land, excavate, add on to or improve a home or business, place a manufactured or mobile home unit, install an underground or above- ground tank, subdivide land, and place accessory buildings and temporary structures. New and improved buildings and additions, including manufactured homes, must be elevated minimum 12 inches above the predicted base flood level. Buildings that are damaged more than 50 percent of their market value, regardless of whether the damage is due to flood, fire, wind or other cause - must be made compliant with the City's floodplain management requirements. Before the start of any activity that requires a permit, applicants must first consult with the Floodplain Administrator to determine whether a proposed project is in a floodplain. Failure to obtain a permit constitutes a violation of City ordinance and individuals are subject to citations, monetary fines, and legal action for their failure to obtain a permit prior to the start of construction or other activity that requires a permit. Elevations of fill pads in subdivisions are inspected and validated as part of the grading inspection. Elevation Certificates are collected before the Certificate of Occupancy (CO) is issued for buildings located within the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA). Regulatory support for Hazard specific Mitigation As part of its rules for regulating growth, the City recognizes the importance of certain measures to limit damage and exposure of citizens and structures to floods, high wind hazards, and drought. Flood Hazards The City of Pearland administers a suite of regulations and ordinances that combine to comprehensively regulate flood hazard areas to minimize exposure of people and property (Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance (No. 532-6), dated December 12, 2016, and Unified Development Code (UDC) (Ord. 2000T-26), dated September 25, 2017. Administration of these provisions is the joint responsibility of the City's Floodplain Manager (in the Engineering Department) and the Building Code Official (located in the Community Development Department). In approved subdivisions that include floodplain areas, a building permit is required for construction of individual homes. The minimum elevation approved as part of the City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 31 Page 45 of 210 subdivision approval is verified by the building plans reviewers. Further, subdivision plats are examined for special notes, even if there is no floodplain within the subdivision. Floodplain Administrator The City Engineering Department is responsible for the maintenance and enforcement of the City's floodplain and floodway ordinances as mandated by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). The City Engineer operates as the City's Floodplain Administrator. Processing Floodplain Development Proposals. Most homes built in the floodplain are slab - on -grade, elevated by the placement of fill. Elevation Certificates are required before the slab is poured as part of the Form Frame inspection and can be reviewed on the City's website. City regulations require that the lowest floor, including basement, be at least one -foot above the Base Flood Elevation. The City requires the surveyor to approximately delineate the floodway and floodplain for all of the proposed development site plans. Construction plans must be signed by a Professional Engineer licensed by the Texas Board of Professional Engineers. Projects requiring revision of floodway must go through Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR) based on Fill prior to approval of construction plans. Similarly, any projects located within the FEMA mapped 100- year floodplain must mitigate the loss of floodplain volume. The City staff compares and verifies the information using FEMA's Flood Insurance Risk Maps (FIRM) as well as the City's GIS floodplain information. Reviewing and Approving Subdivisions. UDC (Ord. 2000T-26), dated September 25, 2017 outlines the requirements for the design, review and approval of subdivisions within the City and the area designated as the extra -territorial jurisdiction (within 5 miles of the corporate limits). Preliminary plans (plat plans) are required to show waterways, drainage structures, and the flood elevations and boundaries of flood -prone areas (including floodways). If the proposal includes fills or other structural elevation techniques, levees, channel modifications, or other methods to overcome flood or erosion -related hazards, they must be designed in compliance with the City's base flood elevation standards and the City's flood hazard prevention requirements. The UDC includes a strong link to the floodplain management ordinance. Each recorded plat that includes lots that are affected by the floodplain, must indicates the required lowest floor elevation. When permit applications for individual buildings are received, the building permit includes the elevation requirements. The City conducts an inspection of subdivision grading and drainage work to validate compliance with the grading plan. At this time, elevations of the fill pads for proposed buildings in flood hazard areas are verified for the required elevation. Permitting for Substantial Improvements. Every application for renovation, improvement, or repair of existing buildings is examined by City staff to determine if the building is located in the City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 32 Page 46 of 210 mapped flood hazard areas. The City's Floodplain Administrator must review and approve any permits on existing, flood -prone buildings. Applicants are required to submit the value of work proposed. For applications in the floodplain, that value is compared to the assessed value to assess whether the proposed work constitutes a substantial improvement (50% or more of market value). After Hurricane Harvey, the City's floodplain administrator forwarded more than 450 letters to the homeowners located within the 100-year floodplain that may have experienced a level of flood water in their homes greater than 18 inches. These letters noted the potential of substantial damage to the structures that experienced flooding greater than 18 inches and required consultation with City officials prior to initiating any repairs, to assess whether the structures were substantially damaged and therefore required to meet current building code, particularly as regards flood risk mitigation. These meetings were deigned to assist homeowners in determining whether their homes experienced substantial damage and to discuss available rebuilding and repair options compatible with City ordinances and building codes. City officials have already consulted with more than 260 homeowners to review individual damage and recommended immediate courses of action as well as future actions. These consultations not only help both the City and its residents determine substantial damage but have also become a very efficient means to collect various information related to flooding problems, flooding frequencies, depth of flood waters, interest among homeowners in participation in buyout and other risk mitigation options; which, in turn, helps inform decisions on drainage improvement alternatives. Manufactured Home Parks: According to the Pearland Planning Department, as of 2017, there were 483 mobile homes in the City of Pearland. Two existing manufactured home parks are partially located within mapped flood hazards areas; Magnolia Place and Country Meadows. Permits are required to place new units or replace existing units in these locations. Additionally, a requirement to elevate the units is enforced and Elevation Certificates are required to establish compliance. In addition, ground anchors are required to provide stability and to mitigate the risk of overturning during high wind conditions. Storm Water Management The City is actively involved in addressing storm water problems and applies requirements on new development to control increases in runoff. The City implements a comprehensive five year Storm -water Management Plan based on the General Permit for storm -water discharge from Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) issued by TCEQ. The City submits annual MS4 report to TCEQ regarding the status of the goals and objectives identified in the comprehensive plan. Small developments with little opportunity for on -site detention may be allowed to purchase capacity in the City's regional detention facilities. Engineering Design Criteria Manual The City updated its Engineering Design Criteria Manual in October 2016 to include update to the Drainage Criteria. Revision to runoff coefficient, replacement of the Intensity Duration Curve City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 33 Page 47 of 210 with an equation, and addition of a new chapter for the Storm Water Management Plan are some of the important updates related to drainage made to EDCM. High Wind Hazards The City of Pearland is located in the area of the State in which the Texas Windstorm Insurance Association functions as the insurer of last resort for wind and hail coverage when other insurers exclude coverage for those perils from homeowners and other property policies. In order for new construction or modifications to existing structures to qualify, inspections must be performed by inspectors from the Texas Department of Insurance or licensed professional engineers who are appointed by the Department. Several inspections may be performed to determine compliance with the wind provisions of the buildings code, and a certificate of compliance is issued. Pearland addresses wind hazards through its building code and land use regulations: • The building code administered by the City requires all new construction to be designed and constructed for 110 mile per hour wind loads at three second gusts. This level of protection has been part of the building code since 1989; thus buildings constructed after that date are expected to be resistant to damage from this wind strength. • The Land Use & Urban Development Ordinance (Sec. 24.8) requires that ground signs, and building signs that extend above the roof line, are to be designed, constructed and installed to withstand a wind pressure of not less than thirty (30) pounds per square foot per sign face. • The Land Use & Urban Development Ordinance (Sec. 28.4) specifies that the right to a nonconforming use terminates if a structure becomes substandard under any applicable ordinance and the cost of placing it in lawful conformance exceeds fifty (50) percent of the replacement cost of the structure on the date that it was determined to be substandard. Drought The City of Pearland prepared a drought contingency plan, which is posted on the City's web page. The purpose of the plan is to conserve the available water supply and to protect the integrity of water supply facilities. The plan places emphasis on domestic water use, sanitation, and fire protection, and protection of public health, welfare, and safety. To minimize the adverse impacts of water supply shortage or other water supply emergency conditions, the City adopted regulations and restrictions on the delivery and consumption of water. Certain non -essential uses are regulated and may be curtailed during times of water shortage or other emergency water supply conditions. Violators may be assessed penalties. Financial Resources The City receives sales and property taxes to fund its operations. In addition, the City actively pursues grants through various state and federal agencies for projects and programs, including hazard mitigation. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 34 Page 48 of 210 Insured City Buildings The City maintains approximately $183 million in property insurance coverage on buildings and facilities it owns, to protect the City from damage due to structural fire, wind and lightning (hazards other than flood). The City also carries approximately $15.7 million in coverage for building contents. Education and Outreach The City of Pearland actively communicates with its residents using a variety of media, each of which have been used to convey information, including content about hazards and has a Department devoted to this important external outreach. In addition to the emergency alert abilities mentioned in the Administrative and Technical section, the City also provides the following outreach and education to engage the public regarding hazards and related issues (i.e. storm water, street and drainage, new ordinances). • News Releases - News releases announcing City events and issues of public interest are sent to local media help publicize information to the public. • Pearland TV - Original programming related to City events, news, and issues is streamed online and broadcast on the government cable station, Comcast channel 16 and AT&T U- verse channel 99; which also broadcast a rotating informational bulletin board. • Website - The City's official website provides information, applications, forms, and interactive features such as maps. • Special Events - The City of Pearland sponsors or cooperates in planning various special events, including ribbon cuttings and groundbreakings, legislative functions and community outreach. The Communications Department assists other City departments in planning special events and coordinating event promotion. • Other Services include print pieces such as brochures, signage and official City newsletters such as Pearland Connect (a monthly electronic publication), Pearland in Motion (a printed publication distributed three times a year) and the Calendar & Annual Report. In times of crisis or disaster, the Communications Department serves as the City's official Public Information Office, a component of its incident management team. In addition to all of these methods to engage the public, the City also utilizes: • Evergbridge, as described previously; • Engineering department answers all of the residents inquiries related to drainage, floodplain, and FEMA FIRM. • The Streets & Drainage page on the City's web site includes answers to typical questions posed by citizens regarding street flooding and drainage; and • Residents with Internet access may submit suggestions, questions, information requests and complaints to the City using the "Community Action Center Online Request Form." Complaints and reports of flooding/drainage problems have been received in this manner. National Flood Insurance Program City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 35 Page 49 of 210 Participation with NFIP and CRS are important to the City of Pearland and for more than 119,700 of its residents. This is evidenced by the City's commitment to regulating development and redevelopment, its adoption of provisions that exceed the minimum requirements, and by its active pursuit of risk mitigation opportunities. The City is firmly committed to continued compliance with the NFIP. Pearland satisfied requirements for initial participation in the NFIP and joined the Emergency Program in 1978. Upon issuance and final approval of the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) in July 1984, the City joined the Regular Program. The effective FIRM for Pearland, which can be found on the City's website, has been revised a number of times to reflect more detailed information and changes to the floodplain, and is now used as a main reference source for the drainage design and setting the fmish floor elevation of the structure. Community Rating System Participation. The Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA) National Flood Insurance Program's (NFIP) Community Rating System (CRS) is a voluntary incentive program that recognizes and encourages community floodplain management activities that exceed NFIP requirements. Review of the City's floodplain regulations served to identify measures adopted by Pearland that may qualify for credit under the NFIP's (CRS). The CRS offers discounts on the cost of federal flood insurance to those citizens who reside within recognized communities. The City originally completed and submitted a CRS application in 2003. Its first verification visit was completed on November 11, 2003. In May of 2005, the City of Pearland was accepted into the National Flood Insurance Program's Community Rating System (CRS) community. In May of 2014, the City of Pearland received a certification rating of 6, which grants a 20 percent flood insurance discount for properties within a floodplain and a 10 percent discount for properties located beyond. For participating communities, flood insurance rates are discounted in increments of 5%. A class one community, for example, would receive a 45 percent premium discount and a class 9 community would receive a five percent discount. As of November, 2017, the NFIP reports that 7,376 flood insurance policies are in force in Pearland and policyholders pay more than $3.5 million per year in premiums. As a result of the City's recertification, federally backed flood insurance will now continue to be made available for all eligible buildings, whether they are in a floodplain or not. Additionally, flood insurance premiums will continue to be discounted, a reflection of the reduced flood risk resulting from the community actions meeting the three goals of the CRS: 1. Reduce flood damage to insurable property; 2. Strengthen and support the insurance aspects of the NFIP, and 3. Encourage a comprehensive approach to floodplain management. Prior Actions Related to NFIP Compliance Regulations Review City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 36 Page 50 of 210 In 2004 a review of the City's floodplain regulations and subdivision standards was prepared and City staff were interviewed. The review was performed to ensure continued compliance with the NFIP and to identify opportunities to clarify regulatory language. The regulations were determined to be consistent with the NFIP. The findings suggested the following: • Minor revisions could remove language not pertinent to Pearland (e.g., related to coastal floodplains, AO Zones); • Clarification of provisions related to substantial improvement and substantial damage may improve administration; • Using the boundaries of the SFHA to determine regulated areas, regardless of the relationship of topography and the Base Flood Elevation, may overlook some low areas; and • If a builder changes a building design after approval of the subdivision plat (on which BFE and lowest floor elevations are specified); current processing procedures may not ensure that the City's floodplain manager reviews the changes. However, there is no indication that this situation has occurred in the past. The process continues to be reviewed with the most recent changes in 2016. Land Use & Urban Development Ordinance No. 509-H (revised April 22, 2002). The ordinance provides for and defines the Floodway District, and has been incorporated into the City's Unified Development Code. See Chapter 20 FW, Floodway District of the Land Use and Development Ordinance, for additional information. The land Use Plan is a map that shows future land use by color comparison; the mapped floodplain is not delineated as a separate land use. Community Assistance Visit The final determination of a 2011 Community Assistance Visit commended the City for "implementing a strong floodplain administration program." The City implemented the suggestions from that report and continues to maintain a very strong working relationship with the State and the NFIP. Continued NFIP Compliance This subsection describes actions the City is currently undertaking to ensure continued compliance with the NFIP. The 2017 MPC identified, reviewed and prioritized the NFIP actions. The prioritized NFIP actions are listed below: • Continue efforts to improve the City's CRS rating through floodplain mapping improvements, reducing flood damages, and distributing public information. • Review and analyze existing floodplain regulations for opportunities to reduce flood damages through adoption and enforcement of new regulations. • Periodic review of the City Building Code and Land Use and Urban Development Ordinance. • Periodic review and update of Engineering Design Criteria Manual, and Flood Damage Ordinance. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 37 Page 51 of 210 • Continuously work with FEMA to update and adopt the latest FIRM and require Elevation certificate, CLOMR, LOMR for future development with the FEMA mapped floodplain. Master Drainage Plan The City of Pearland and Brazoria Drainage District No 4 retained an engineering firm to prepare a drainage Master Drainage Plan update (MDP) for the combined area of nearly 97 sq. mi. Phase I of the master drainage plan was completed in the first quarter of 2017. Phase I was primarily focused on data collection and evaluation, field investigation, and preparation of digital inventory and updates to GIS data, including recommendations for the Phase II effort. Phase II of the MDP is ongoing and expected to be completed by September of 2018. Phase II is intended to establish the baseline condition modeling and mapping for the major bayous and tributaries and identify the capacity of smaller ditches within concurrent jurisdiction of the City and BDD4. Phase II consists of coordination with City and BDD4 staff and key stakeholders from other department to refine short-term and long-term vision for primary system drainage improvement. In addition, Phase II also consists of public meetings to inform the public about the MDP effort, identify citizen concerns, and provide public information regarding current drainage conditions and potential improvement alternatives. Ordinance Update The last update to the City's Floodplain Ordinance was made to reflect the revision on the effective FIS and FIRM for Harris County. The updated Floodplain Ordinance was forwarded to FEMA and Texas Water Development Board for review. Comments were addressed and the Floodplain Ordinance 532-6 was adopted through the City Council effective December 12, 2016. Harvey and Aftermath The Engineering Department has been working on a drainage assessment report for various neighborhood and streets within City limits that were inundated during Hurricahe Harvey. The total amount of rainfall during the four days in which Hurricane Harvey loitered in the region varied between 30" and 49" from the west side of the City to the east side. Approximately 20 hurricane impacted neighborhoods (subdivisions) of various sizes were examined to analyze the cause of flooding and potential mitigation alternatives. Similarly, 70 different roadway segments were assessed to determine the cause of flooding and explore whether there were any anomalies in design. The primary purpose of the drainage assessment is to relate the flooding with flood elevation, street elevation, neighborhood natural ground elevation and drainage system in order to determine whether or not the flooding is a result of higher flood elevation of the creeks. It is anticipated that the drainage assessment report can be used for identifying the existing drainage problems and prioritizing the small capital improvement projects in conjunction with Master Drainage Plan. In addition, various work orders for storm sewer inspection have been submitted based on the citizen concerns and drainage assessment outcome. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 38 Page 52 of 210 Substantial Damage Assessment The City's Floodplain Ordinance defines substantial damage as the damage of any origin sustained by a structure which results in costs to restore the structure to its pre -damage condition that equal or exceed 50 percent of the market value of the structure before the damage occurred. As a Community Rating System (CRS) Community participating in Nation Flood Insurance Program, the City is required to perform substantial damage assessments. City-wide damage assessments indicate there were 1,674 homes that experienced some degree of flood damage during Hurricane Harvey. The City floodplain administrator forwarded more than 450 letters to home owners located in the 100-year floodplain that potentially incurred substantial damage due to flooding in their homes in excess of 18 inches. Consultations between City officials and homeowners were undertaken to assist homeowners in determining whether their homes incurred substantial damage and to explore legally -viable courses of action and future plans. As of this plan update, City officials have consulted with more than 85 homeowners to assess individual damage, explain legal requirements and explore legally -viable courses of action as well as future plans. These meetings not only helped to determine the substantial damage but also served as a very efficient way to collect various information related to flooding problems, flooding frequencies, depth of flood waters, interest among homeowners in participation in buyout and other mitigation options; which, in turn, helps inform decisions on drainage improvement alternatives. Home Buyout and Mitigation Program The City has not yet made any decisions regarding flood mitigation alternatives subsequent to Hurricane Harvey but has created a webpage so residents can indicate their interest in voluntary participation in various mitigation options, potentially including home buyout options. The City continues to assess damage from the storm, including determination of substantial damage, as well as public interest in flood mitigation alternatives and the availability of feasible, economically -viable and effective mitigation measures. Natural Resources The City of Pearland values its open space and encourages protection of trees and wetlands in its development processes. The approval process for subdivisions within the City and the area designated as the extra -territorial jurisdiction (within 5 miles of the corporate limits) requires developers to delineate waterways, drainage structures, the boundaries of flood -prone areas (including floodways). Activity proposed within wetland areas must be approved by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers under the authority of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Open Space is addressed in the Following Ordinances: • Sec. 27-4(E) Public Use and Service Areas — the City may require up to 10% of gross area or water frontage for park, school or recreational purposes. • Ordinance No. 1524 Parkland Dedication Ordinance Fee Calculation —Parkland dedication is a local government requirement imposed on subdivision developers or builders, mandating that they dedicate land for a park and/or pay a fee to be used by the government entity to acquire and develop park facilities. This ordinance was updated in 2016 and is being phased City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 39 Page 53 of 210 in (60% 2016; 80% 2017; and 100% in 2018) which adopted a new park dedication formula fee in lieu of dedication calculation formula and park benefit zone map (attached Figure I- 12). The dedication requirements for neighborhood parks in the City of Pearland are as follow: o Land Requirements: Based on the 2013 population of 100,065 residents, the current level of service is one (1) acre per 323 people. o 2.90 Persons per Household (PPH) for Single Family and 2.13 PPH for Multi - Family based on Census information for owner and renter -occupied units. Single Family (DU=Dwelling Unit) Multi -Family 323 people/2.90 PPH = 111 DUs 323 people/2.13 PPH=151 DUs Dedication Requirement: 1 Acre per 111 DUs Dedication Requirement: 1 Acre per 151 DUs The Fee in Lieu of Land (assumes 1 acre costs $136,000 to purchase) 1. Single Family: $136,000/111 DUs = $1,225 per DU 2. Multi -Family: $136,000/151 DUs = $ 900 per DU 3. Park Development Fees: The cost of improvements in an average park in Pearland is $630,520. One park serves 6,254 people based on a total City population 100,065 being served by 16 parks (count includes 10 neighborhood parks, 4 community parks, a nature trail, and a connectivity trail system as a singular unit). Average cost is estimated to be $100.82 per person ($630,520/6,254) to develop a typical park. Single Family (DU=Dwelling Unit) Multi -Family $100.82 x 2.80 PPH = $292.378 DUs $100.82 x 2.13 PPH = $214.75 DUs Total Park Fee Total Park Fee $292 + $1,225 = $1,517 per DU $214 + $900 = $1,114 per DU City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 40 Page 54 of 210 Figure PL-6 City of Pearland Park Benefit Zone Map (adopted, 2016) • Originally part of Ordinance No. 1108, the Pearland Tree Protection and Preservation has been incorporated into the Unified Development Code, section 4 — Site Development. This section can be found on the City's website and provides the minimal requirements necessary for tree mitigation, landscaping and other preservation and protection of natural resources around a development project. (https://www.pearlandtx.gov/home/showdocument?id=15423) As part of the 2018 Plan update, the MPC reviewed and updated the ordinances, removing repealed ordinances and updating information on existing ordinances. Future plan updates will continue to review these ordinances for possible changes. Capital projects that impact wetlands or remove trees must satisfy the same mitigation requirements imposed on private development projects. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 41 Page 55 of 210 Section 3. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Introduction Risk assessments are conducted to determine the potential impacts of specified hazards on human safety, the Pearland economy, and both the developed and natural environments of the community. Risk, as viewed from a hazard mitigation perspective, is the potential for loss of life, personal injury, property damage, loss or other impacts created by the interaction of natural hazards with local citizens and community assets and include natural processes, such as tornadoes. FEMA has provided a diagram (Figure H-1) that helps best illustrate the concept of risk as the overlap between hazards and community assets — the smaller the overlap, the lower the risk. This plan update focuses on how risk has changed since the current plan was completed including changes related to land use development, and integrates updated hazard information. Each hazard includes a description of the location, extent, previous occurrence and probability of future events as well as events that occurred since the 2012 plan. Hazards are then evaluated on the basis of potential impact on the community, the community's overall vulnerability and the most significant risks. Changes from the Last Plan The MPC organized for the original Plan in 2004 considered all potential hazards that may affect Pearland. As part of the update process, the MPC reviewed the hazards included as part of the 2004 Plan, and determined that with the exception of terrorism (a man-made hazard), the same hazards would be addressed in the Plan update. The MPC determined that the Plan Update should focus predominately on natural hazards and not man-made hazards such as terrorism. Numerous changes from the original Plan were incorporated, including updated maps and tables displaying the event history from the National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI) for various hazards, as well as many other less significant modifications. Although many of the same hazards identified in the current plan are brought forward in this plan update, the structure of how one hazard is described has been modified slightly. The high wind/tornado hazard has been broken out into two hazards, which are now listed separately as "Tornado" and "Thunderstorms/High Wind." The Thunderstorm/High Wind title was selected by the 2010 MPC to align with the structure of the NCEI data. The NCEI database combines historical occurrences for thunderstorms and high winds into a single category titled Thunderstorms and High Winds. To maintain consistency with the NCEI database (and query output results), the MPC decided to combine these hazards as part of the Plan update. After reviewing all hazards that could potentially impact Pearland, the 2010 MPC considered the flood hazard the most significant. Section 5 of this Plan update addresses the flood hazard, while the following subsections describes the other hazards selected and how they can affect Pearland. The hazards addressed in this subsection found in Table 13 include the following: City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 42 Page 56 of 210 Table 13 — 2010 Hazards and 2018 Hazards Pearland 2012 Hazards 2018 Hazards Reviewed 2018 Hazards for Plan Flood Flood Flood Tornadoes/High Winds Tornadoes Tornadoes Thunderstorm/High Wind Thunderstorms — High Wind Thunderstorms — High Wind Hurricane/Tropical Storms Hurricanes and Tropical Storms Hurricanes and Tropical Storms Earthquake Earthquakes Omitted Landslide Landslides Omitted Winter Storm Winter Storm Omitted Wildfire Wildfire Wildfire Dam Failure Omitted Drought Drought Drought Extreme Heat Extreme Heat Extreme Heat Lightning Lightning Hail Hail Subsidence Subsidence Hazardous Materials MPC determined not to include in this plan N/A Pipelines MPC determined not to include in this plan N/A Figure H-1 FEMA Concept of Risk Diagram Natural Hazards Location Extent (Magnitude/Strength) Previous Occurrences Future Probability Community Assets Population Built Environment Natural Environment Economy City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 43 Page 57 of 210 Overview of Risks Table 14 identifies the total number and estimated value of buildings/infrastructure within Pearland. The table indicates there are 45,009 residential buildings and 2,685 commercial buildings in the City. While buildings are important and tangible to estimate value, human life is more complex. The potential annual losses from deaths and injuries are calculated by using the values in the current FEMA BCA guidance which is $5.8 million for deaths and $90,000 for treat and release injuries. This information and the data in Table 13 is used periodically throughout this plan update to identify the overall exposure within Pearland for certain hazards that equally impact the entire planning area such as hurricanes/tropical storms and drought. Table 14 Buildings/Infrastructure Type No. of Structures Estimated Value Residential Buildings 45,009 $6.20B** Commercial Buildings 2,685 $2.27B** Public Buildings/Infrastructure 145 $183M*** Notes: ** Data obtained from Brazoria Central Appraisal District *** Value based on insured value of City owned structures Damage and losses (including physical damage, indirect and economic losses, and personal injuries and fatalities) that are associated with hazards result when an event affects areas where people and improved property are located. After hazards are identified, estimates of risk exposure for people and property (measure of "at -risk") can be prepared. When the full range of potential natural hazards are reviewed, it becomes apparent that some events occur frequently and some are relatively rare. Some hazards impact large numbers of people to a limited degree, while others may cause very localized but significant damage. As described in the flood hazard profile, floods have historically caused the most property damage in Pearland. The City focused on hazards that occur within the planning area that historically have had enough impact (e.g. damage to property, infrastructure, injury or death) that mitigation of that hazard is necessary for the welfare of the community. Certain hazards, while they occur within the planning area, like lightening and hailstorms, the City cannot mitigate these hazards and damages are covered by insurance, the City has decided to omit these hazards. Important to note, while the City believes these hazards are negligible, each year it will review the hazard during it annual review to determine if the impact has changed and if so, will update the plan accordingly. The City updates the profile for each hazard and if the results of the review are negligible impact, the City removes the hazard. As part of the appendix, to this plan update and as example of the review, the City has included a profile completed for one of the hazards omitted, earthquakes, so it can illustrate the process of the omission based on the profile result. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 44 Page 58 of 210 The following table will provide a brief explanation on each hazard that the City considered negligible impact and will not profile and be omitted from the plan update. Hazard Considered Reason for Omission Earthquakes According to the Sate Plan, an earthquake occurrence for the planning area is considered exceedingly rare. There is no history of impact to critical structures, systems, populations or other community assets or vital services as a result of earthquakes and none is expected in the future. Expansive soils There is no history of impact to critical structures, systems, populations or other community assets or vital services as a result of expansive soils and none is expected in the future. Landslide Given that there is no recorded landslides in Pearland and the USGS study is less than 1.5% chance the area will be involved in a landslide, there is less than 1 % chance of a future occurrence making future occurrence very rare. Therefore, the hazard is negligible and will not be profiled. Dam Failure The City of Pearland does not have any dams located within its limits. Most of the planning area is located in Brazoria County. The U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (USACE) maintains a National Inventory of Dams (NID), and reports that there are 56 dams in Brazoria County of which 6 are classified as a high hazard, 14 are classified as a significant hazard and 36 are classified as a low hazard. There are no dams located in Pearland and all the dams in Brazoria County are south of Pearland. Since the City of Pearland does not have any dams and is not immediately downstream from any significant dams, the impact is negligible. Winter Storm Due to the fact that there is no record of any historical building damage as a result of winter storms, the estimated annual dollar value damage to existing or future buildings due to winter storms is negligible and therefore, no actions are included in the reassessment of this risk, the City determined that no mitigation measures are needed beyond readiness for highway safety. Through the profile process, for the hazards that affect the hazard area, the NCEI database indicates that, as of the first quarter of 2017, over time these hazard events caused a combined total of approximately $7.7 billion in property damage in Brazoria County. The database also indicates that have been 278 personal injuries and 75 fatalities as a result of these events (see Table 15). Using the FEMA BCA guidance, the estimated loss for those fatalities is approximately $435 million; not including personal injury and lost time costs, which would increase costs. While this is County data, it is consistent with the hazards that the City of Pearland considers likely and impactful. Table 15 Brazoria County Injuries, Deaths and Damaged from Natural Hazards Source: NOAA/NCEI) City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 45 Page 59 of 210 Injuries from 1950-2008 272 Injuries from 2009-2017 6 Total Injuries 278 Deaths from 1950-2008 72 Deaths from 2009-2017 3 Total Deaths Property Damages 1950-2008 75 $ 5,700,000,000.00 Property Damages 2009-2017 $ 2,008,866,500.00 Total Property Damages $ 7,708,866,500.00 The Hazard Summary table provides an overview of the likelihood of occurrence and the estimated impact to public health, safety, and property for the hazards included in this plan update. The table was originally taken directly from the City of Pearland's Basic Emergency Management Plan (EMP) approved by the TDEM and revised in 2017. The likelihood of a hazard occurring is categorized as Unlikely, Occasional, Likely, or Highly Likely based on historical data and, in the absence of historical data, estimates. This table was reviewed and edited as part of the Plan Update, mainly to remove some hazards that were part of the EMP but are not included in those covered by this HMP. Note that various qualitative terms are used to describe the probabilities of hazards in this section. The potential events described in this section are related to natural phenomena such as the weather and movement of the earth. Because of this, there is significant variability over time, so in some cases it is necessary to use relative terms such as "likely" and "unlikely" to fairly characterize their probability. "Highly unlikely" means less than a 1 % chance of occurrence annually. The term `unlikely" means up to a 10% chance annually. "Occasionally" means up to a 25% chance annually. "Likely" means 35% to 50% annual chance of occurrence, and the term "very likely" means that the event(s) are assumed to occur at least annually. All these terms refer to the entire planning area, except where text specifies otherwise. Table 16 below uses the terms limited, moderate and major to characterize potential impacts on community health and safety. The terms are not intended as precise descriptions of impacts, but instead are used to provide a relative indication of expected impacts for hazards. General definitions of the terms are as follows. • Limited: direct impacts are observed in one or two relatively small areas of the community. Only a few people or properties are affected, and specific impacts are not particularly damaging or of a long duration. There is little or no direct property damage, no injuries or deaths, and recovery time is a matter of hours. • Moderate: direct impacts are observed in multiple but localized areas of the community, and may last up to a week. There are direct damages to some structures or infrastructure, and community or government services (such as electricity and roads, among others) may be City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 46 Page 60 of 210 interrupted for a short period of time. There are likely to be some injuries, either directly related to the hazard(s), or as part of response and/or recovery efforts. There are typically no deaths likely from such impacts. Major: direct impacts are observed in most areas of the community, and affect most citizens to some degree. These impacts include direct damages to structures and infrastructure, and loss of government services, including emergency medical, fire, and roads, among others. There are typically multiple injuries (depending on the type of hazard) and in some cases deaths. Recovery time is measured in weeks or months. Table 16 Hazard Summary (Original source: City of Pearland Emergency Management Plan. 2017. BP-5 Hazard Type Likelihood of Occurrence Estimated Impact on Public Health & Safety Estimated Impact on Property Limited Moderate Major Limited Moderate Major Drought Occasional 0 0 Seismic event/earthquake Highly unlikely 0 O Extreme heat Highly likely O O Flooding/flash flooding Highly likely O O Hurricane/tropical storm Highly likely O O Landslide Highly unlikely 0 O Tornado Likely O 0 Thunderstorm/high wind Highly likely 0 O Wildfire Occasional 0 0 Winter Storm Occasional 0 0 NOT INCLUDED IN EMP 2012, REVIEWED FOR THIS OF DATE Dam Failure Unlikely 0 0 Subsidence Unlikely 0 0 Lightening Highly likely 0 0 Hailstorm Likely 0 0 Numerous federal agencies maintain a variety of records regarding losses associated with natural hazards. Unfortunately, no single source is considered to offer a definitive accounting of all losses. FEMA maintains records on federal expenditures associated with declared major disasters. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Natural Resources Conservation Service collect data on losses during the course of some of their ongoing projects and studies. As mentioned earlier in this Section, NOAA's National Center for Environmental Information database is another source where data statistics such as injuries, deaths, and damage estimates are maintained for a variety of natural hazards. The data is maintained at the county level, with more recent entries listing the specific location within the county. Although not always specific to the City of Pearland, this county -wide hazard data from the NCEI is often the best available resource for documenting historical events. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 47 Page 61 of 210 In the absence of definitive data on some of the natural hazards that may occur in Pearland, illustrative examples are useful. Table 17 provides brief descriptions of particularly significant natural hazard events occurring in the City's recent history. Data on Presidential Disaster Declarations characterize some natural disasters that have affected the area. In 1965, the federal government began to maintain records of events determined to be significant enough to warrant declaration of a major disaster by the President of the United States. Presidential Disaster Declarations (DRs) are made at the county level and are not specific to any one city. It should be noted that not all disaster declarations for Brazoria County affected the City of Pearland. However, as of 2017, 15 such disasters had been declared in Brazoria County and are identified as part of the summary in Table below including 4 since the last plan update. Declared disasters that directly affected Pearland are noted. Table 17 Natural Hazard Events and Declared Major Disasters in Brazoria County Sources: FEMA, NCEI database Date & Disaster (DR) Nature of Event July 11, 1973 DR-398 July 28, 1979 DR-595 Severe Storm and Flooding (Limited damage in the City). Clear Creek, Chigger Creek, Cowards Creek, and Mary's Creek flooded due to protracted rains. The storms responsible for the rains also triggered tornadoes within the area. The flooding event inundated roads within the City. 1 Storms and Flash Floods. (265 flood insurance claims in the City) Tropical Storm Claudette formed in the Central Atlantic the morning of July 15, 1979. It never reached hurricane intensity as it wandered across the northern Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico 10 days, making landfall near Port Arthur the evening of the 24th. The storm veered left and stalled over I Alvin, TX the evening/early morning hours of the 25th/26th. This was a weak tropical storm, and went through the "Core Rain" phase during that period. An observer 3.2 miles northwest of Alvin reported 8.0" rainfall in one 4-hour period. Alvin recorded the maximum 24-hour rainfall on record for the United States of 43 inches. September 25, 1979 DR-603 August 19, 1983 DR-689 April 12,1991 DR-900 Severe Storm and Flooding. (146 flood insurance claims in the City). !Torrential rains caused Clear Creek to overflow its banks. Many streets and homes within the City were flooded. Hurricane Alicia. (172 flood insurance claims in the City) Category 3 hurricane which caused $3.0 billion damage/costs and 21 deaths statewide. Severe Storms, Tornadoes, and Flooding — (limited damage in the City) City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 48 Page 62 of 210 Date & Disaster (DR) Nature of Event December 26, 1991 DR-930 February 25, 1993 Severe Thunderstorms. (Limited damage in the City) "Christmas Flood". This was not a historic event in terms of large rainfall totals. But in terms of total rain volume that fell from the sky in one event, this certainly was one of I the largest in Texas recorded history, if not the largest. Thousands of previously unsuspecting home owners were flooded as Oyster Creek became several miles wide in Brazoria County where five hundred homes suffered serious flood damage_ ..................................................._. Tornado. The public reported a tornado near the grade school at Southdown and Highway 288. This tornado was 100 yards wide and caused about $5,000 damases. April 25, 1993 Hail. A SkyWarn spotter reported golf ball -size hail on the east side of Pearland. The hail was 1.75 in diameter and caused $5,000 in damages. Severe Thunderstorms and Flooding. (344 flood insurance claims in the j City). Disastrous flooding passed down Cypress and Spring Creeks, the W and E Fork San Jacinto Rivers, producing a record elevation in Lake Houston by nearly 3 feet. Three hundred forty thousand cfs passed over the emergency spillway down the San Jacinto River below Lake Houston. The Houston Chronicle listed 15,775 homes damaged - 3,069 destroyed - 22 flood related deaths along these streams. Some homes flooded to the roofs of two story homes. — IA Only Heat Wave. Heat Advisories were issued covering all of Southeast Texas for an eight day period. Overnight lows hovered around 80 degrees, while afternoon highs were near 100 each day. The afternoon heat indices ranged I from 105-115 degrees. Approximately 200 people reported signs of heat stress or exhaustion. There were also two deaths reported due to the excessive heat. October 18, 1994 DR-1041 July 21, 1995 April — May 1996 September 23, 1998 DR-1245 Drought. Continuation of drought conditions from April. May, normally one of the wettest months, had very little rainfall across Southeast Texas. Many j stations actually received less than 0.10 of an inch of rain during May. The j effects on agricultural products continued to worsen with many spring crops being lost due to lack of rainfall. Property damage for Southeast Texas this month were $10 million, agricultural losses $50 million. Severe Storm and Flooding - Tropical Storm Francis (10 flood insurance claims in the City). — Tropical Storm Frances, and a localized thunderstorm that followed later in the same month, resulted in widespread flooding. The I Harris County Area including the City of Pearland, received a Presidential disaster declaration for this storm event. IA Only City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 49 Page 63 of 210 Date & Disaster (DR) Nature of Event j Thunderstorm. Severe wind damage at Clover Field. Two airplane hangars, 8 trailers, 1 helicopter, and an unknown number of small airplanes overturned May 20, 2000 or destroyed. Large awning and billboard down at FM 518 and SH 35. Large 'trees and power lines down in the Pearland area. There was over $1 M in property damage. Severe Storm and Flooding - Tropical Storm Allison (741 flood insurance claims in the City). Tropical Storm Allison produced flooding throughout June 9, 2001 Southeast Texas, Louisiana, and across the eastern United States. Rainfall DR..1379 rates in the Houston area exceeded both the 100 and 500-year rainfall rates resulting in over 50,000 homes flooded. Damages were estimated at $5 Billion and prompted a Presidential disaster declaration for 30 counties in j Texas. The City of Pearland experienced devastating flooding from this storm I Flash Floods. Heavy rains caused street flooding in the neighborhood of April 8, 2002 i Corrigan. Many roads in this neighborhood were impassable. There was $5,000 in property damage. September 26, Tropical Storm Fay. Limited damage in the City 2002 DR-1434 September, 24, Hurricane Rita. Minimal damage and no flooding reported in Pearland from 2005 the event. Four neighborhoods experienced isolated and intermittent power DR-1606 outages. Hurricane Ike The City of Pearland experienced a direct strike from September 13, I Hurricane Ike an extremely large Category 2 storm with maximum sustained 2008 I winds near 90 miles per hour and gusts exceeding 100 miles per hour. Ike DR-1791 I caused severe damage to City facilities, damaged approximately two thousand homes and businesses, and created citywide power outages. Thunderstorm Severe thunderstorms in Pearland dumped six to seven inches of rain in four hours. The heavy rains caused localized flooding along area creeks. Several subdivisions in Pearland had street flooding with water April 18, 2009 j threatening homes. The South side of the City from Fite South and along Magnolia and Bailey the ditches were overflowing and there was extensive . I field flooding. ' EVENTS SINCE 2010 PLAN 1 Thunderstorm/Wind. A severe thunderstorm developed during the late afternoon through early evening hours and produced wind damage as it 1 moved southward from The Woodlands area to the Angleton area. A severe August 16, 2013 thunderstorm downed hundreds of trees, numerous power poles, and a lot of fences in the Pearland area between Highway 35 and Highway 288. Winds were estimated to be gusting up to 60 mph as the storm moved southward j across the area. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 50 Page 64 of 210 Date & Disaster (DR) Nature of Event ' HaiUThunderstorm. A passing southwestern shortwave disturbance into a very moist and unstable southeastern Texas environment initialized numerous severe thunderstorms. Dime sized hail reported in Pearland. April 16, 2015 April 17, 2015 I Thunderstorm/Wind. Morning thunderstorms from a weak upper level disturbance produced lightning strikes that damaged several structures. A lightning strike caused an attic fire at a two story residential home in Pearland. Flash Flood. An approaching broad upper low east of the Four Corners region placed eastern Texas in a favorable upper air pattern conducive to i sustaining either a mesoscale storm complex or an organized linear storm April 17, 2015 E system. Daytime heating, within a highly moist environment and a passing i shortwave disturbance, allowed a south central Texas originating derecho to ' pass through within the southwest flow and cause severe weather damage } across the Houston, Texas area. Heavy rain caused localized street flooding within the City of Pearland. Texas Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight Line Winds and Flooding. An upper disturbance initiated a large thunderstorm complex that traveled across May 4, 2015 I southeastern Texas. This line produced damaging severe thunderstorm gusts DR-4223 and an EF-1 tornado along its eastward progression across the Houston area. 1 Thunderstorm winds downed trees, damaged traffic lights and caused roof damage to the local library in Lake Jackson. Flash Flood. Early morning showers and thunderstorms developed and imoved very little for several hours resulting in flash flooding across parts of August 20, 2015 ;Galveston and Brazoria counties. Rainfall totals of 5 to 7 inches per hour I were common, and isolated totals did reach 10 inches in the Bayou Vista area. There was street flooding in and around the Pearland area. I Texas Severe Storms, Tornadoes, Straight Line Winds and Flooding. ' The remnants of Hurricane Patricia merged with a developing frontal low to October 22, ' produce an intense surface low off the Texas Gulf Coast. As this low moved 2015 i up the upper Texas coast it produced moderate to heavy rainfall that broad DR-4245 flooding to some areas, an isolated tornado and waterspout, and minor coastal flooding due to elevated storm tides. The tornado damaged the metal roof of a I large business south of Beltway 8 west of Cullen Blvd. The damage path extended north of Beltway 8 into the Brunswick Place subdivision. May 13, 2016 Thunderstorm/Hail. Isolated severe thunderstorms produced hail, with some up to ping pong ball size. Pea to dime size hail was reported near the intersection of Walnut Street and Highway 35 in Pearland. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 51 Page 65 of 210 Date & Disaster (DR) May 22, 2016 DR-4272 March 29, 2017 August 23, 2017 DR-4332 Nature of Event Texas Severe Storms and Flooding. A fast eastward moving storm system tracked across the area during the day. One county reported some wind damage, and there was one flood report on Galveston Island. Severe thunderstorm winds downed trees and damaged power lines near the intersection of County Road 3467 and County Road 654B. Flash Flood. A line of thunderstorms moved across southeast Texas during the morning and afternoon hours and produced several tornadoes, hail, wind damage and some flooding. Street flooding was reported across the Pearland area. Hurricane/Tropical Strom Harvey. Harvey made landfall as a category 4 hurricane near Rockport, Texas during the evening of August 25th. The storm then weakened to a tropical storm and slowed, looping back and tracking over SE Texas then back over the Gulf of Mexico making a second landfall along the Louisiana coast during the early morning hours of August 30th. During that 5-day period in which Harvey loitered over Southeast Texas the storm produced catastrophic flooding with a large area experiencing 30 to 60 inches of rain, 23 tornadoes, tropical storm force winds and a moderate storm surge near Matagorda Bay. In some of the heavier bands rain fell at a rate of over 5 inches per hour. This record rainfall produced catastrophic flooding. Intense rain over an extended period produces flash flooding and sheet flow, which inundated tens of thousands of homes, businesses, and roads in the metropolitan Houston area. Main stem rivers and adjoining tributaries, creeks and bayous reached capacity and overflowed their banks and this also contributed to the massive flooding across southeastern Texas. Flash flood waters, from sheet flooding and flooding bayous/creeks inundated thousands of homes and businesses in Pearland. Roads and highways in and around Pearland and south into Manvel, or east of Highway 288 along Highway 6, were flooded and impassable for extended periods. Record flooding of the Brazos River, San Bernard River and Oyster Creek caused the flooding of hundreds to thousands of nearby homes, vehicles and businesses. Numerous roads and homes were inundated with flood waters. Losses Due to Major Disasters The United States has experienced 219 weather and or climate -related disasters since 1980. Although no definitive record exists of all public and private losses due to disasters in Pearland, estimates of the total public and private costs of natural hazards throughout the U.S. where overall damages/costs reached or exceeded $1 billion (including CPI adjustment to 2017) is available. The total cost of these 219 disasters exceeds $1.5 trillion (NCEI), with 2017 being the most disastrous year on record. The NCEI reports that there were 16 weather -related disasters in 2017 including 1 drought event, 2 flooding events, 1 freeze event, 8 severe storm events, 3 tropical cyclone events, and 1 wildfire event. Overall, these events resulted in 362 fatalities City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 52 Page 66 of 210 (using FEMA guidance is approximately $2.1 billion) and had significant economic effects on the areas impacted. The illustration (Figure H-2) below depicts the timing and location of these disasters. Figure H-2 2017 Disasters and locations U.S. 2017 Billion -Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters North Dakota, South Dakota. and Montana Drought • _ Spring -Fall 2017 Western WAdflres. California Firestorm Summer -Fall 2017 Cakfornia Flooding February 8-22 Colorado Hap Storm and Central Severe Weather May 8-11 Minnesota Hail Storm and Upper Midwest Severe Weather June 9-11 Humcane Harvey Midwest Severe f % a August 25-31 Weather June 12-16 rna Hurricaneone Irma SouthlSoutheasl Severe Weather September 2 March 26-28 Central/Southeast Tornado Outbreak February 28-March 1 tvtissourl and Arkansas Flooding and Central Severe Weather Apra 25-May 7 Southeast Freeze March 14-16 Southern Tornado Outbreak and Western Storms January 20-22 � Hurncane Maria September 19-21 rhs nap 4119n00.if V G appre,manw kcairco Ow oacA or no t4 Eillia•- I wPNMr •nd eforwe disa•Orrw h r i p ctoclPa LUnrlOO Sta as Awing 7I17 In most declared major disasters, the federal government reimburses at least 75% of the eligible costs of cleanup and recovery and possibly more depending on the severity of the disaster. The remaining percentage is covered by the state and affected local jurisdictions. FEMA estimate of its expenditures for flood disasters in the State of Texas for the period from 1991 through 2009, is more than $8 billion. This period includes Tropical Storm Allison and Hurricanes Ike and Gustay. If Hurricane Harvey were included, the cost could reach $200B, as the Governor of Texas' damage estimates suggest approximately $180B in damage costs. These costs, which do not include costs incurred by other federal agencies or by state and local agencies, include those associated with: • Public assistance for debris removal, emergency services, roads and bridges, flood control facilities, public buildings and equipment, public utilities, and parks and recreational facilities. • Assistance paid out for individual and family grants, emergency food and shelter, and other assistance to individuals. • Funds set aside to support hazard mitigation grants. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 53 Page 67 of 210 • The City of Pearland received Public Assistance (PA) funds after several of the events described above in Table 17. The majority of the assistance was for damages incurred after Hurricane Ike in September, 2008. However, Harvey PA is still being finalized. • In addition to PA funds, the City has also received hazard mitigation grant funds to support the following mitigation initiatives: • $300,000 for buyouts of homes damaged in 1994 (DR-1041). • $7.65 million for buyouts of homes damaged in 2001 by Tropical Storm Allison (DR- 1379). • $37,425 in Flood Mitigation Assistance program funds to support development of the flood mitigation plan and $7,500 in Pre -Disaster Mitigation planning funds to expand this effort to satisfy all of FEMA's planning requirements. • $987,903 in funding in 2008 from the Repetitive Flood Claims (RFC) program for the buyout of seven residential properties included on Pearland's NFIP repetitive loss property list. The properties are at various locations in the City. Impacts of Hurricane Harvey on Pearland The Public assistance grant funding to reimburse Hurricane Harvey damage costs in Pearland is still being calculated as of this plan update. In November 2017, Pearland's Assistant City Manager testified before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce, Subcommittee on Environment Hearing regarding impacts incurred from Hurricane Harvey. His testimony follows: Pearland, TX is a City of approximately 120,000 residents located just south of Houston and has been one of the fastest growing communities in the Country over the past 15 years. During Hurricane Harvey, with its unprecedented flooding, Pearland experienced structural flooding affecting over 1,700 residences, over 50 businesses, and critical infrastructure including two wastewater treatment plants. Most of the flooding occurred along Clear Creek, which is on the 303D listing of impaired water bodies for bacteria. With a 500 year storm it was estimated that over 7,000 homes flooded in the Clear Creek watershed, which includes Pearland and the downstream communities. There is a US Army Corps of Engineers drainage project which has been on the books since the 1960's but remains unfunded. Had that project been completed approximately half of the houses flooded in the Clear Creek watershed would have been spared. Additionally, critical infrastructure within the watershed would not have flooded and failed. Although we have grown rapidly, new development and new infrastructure follows current codes and standards. The result was that Pearland had very minimal flooding in new areas where we have added tens of thousands of rooftops over the past 15 years built to current drainage and infrastructure standards. Along with the completion of the Clear Creek drainage project, what is needed is funding for continued sound investment in resilient and redundant critical infrastructure, especially to bring our older infrastructure to current standards. The most critical infrastructure areas for Pearland are water, wastewater, and the automated systems that control that infrastructure. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 54 Page 68 of 210 It is a critical life/safety issue for a city to have the ability to deliver clean and safe drinking water during a disaster. This ability relies on having resilient and redundant critical infrastructure. For Pearland, this critical infrastructure must have adequate generator power, flood proofing, and adequate elevation to survive a minimum of a 500 year flood event and needs to be structurally built to withstand a Category 4 hurricane. During Hurricane Harvey, our water system performed very well with only one water well sustaining damage due to either a lighting strike or electrical surge. The previously mentioned criteria will be applied to our upcoming Surface Water Treatment Plant which is currently in the design phase and planned to be a regional water supply facility. Continuity of service for treating wastewater is critical for citizens sheltering in place and the return of evacuees to their homes. We must ensure wastewater is adequately treated and not released due to rising flood waters or wind damage to the treatment process, which can affect downstream water quality in our streams and bayous. In our area, wastewater facilities are traditionally located in low-lying areas close to their receiving streams making them vulnerable to flooding, and therefore in need of the same resiliency and redundancy criteria applied to drinking water facilities. During Harvey, our wastewater system did not fare as well as our water system. The Longwood Wastewater Treatment Plant originally built in mid 1960s is located in an oxbow of Clear Creek and was inundated with flood waters, rendering it inoperable for approximately 72 hours during and after the Hurricane Harvey event. The estimated damage to the plant is over $1.5M Due to proximity to the creek, instead of making expensive repairs vulnerable to the next flood, this facility should have its flows redirected to an adequately protected plant to mitigate any future damage or loss of service. Additionally, our Barry Rose Wastewater Plant was out of service for approximately 48 hours due to flooding of a pump pit for the on -site lift station. One final critical piece of our utility operations (both water and wastewater) is our Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. The SCADA system allows us to monitor and control our critical water and wastewater facilities remotely. SCADA systems must be resilient and redundant to provide continuous connectivity to our facilities throughout an emergency event. SCADA is indispensable to ensure plants and lift stations are operational and properly functioning when we cannot reach facilities due to high water or debris. During Hurricane Harvey, for 3 days we could not physically access 18 wastewater lift stations, which are critical to getting wastewater to the treatment plants. Due to a lack of SCADA redundancy we were also unable to monitor many of those facilities remotely. The City of Pearland, although challenged, fared relatively well thorough Hurricane Harvey and will recover stronger than we were before the disaster. As we re -build, we look to ensure that our critical infrastructure is able to withstand flooding, high winds, and other potential disasters. To do this we must have adequate recovery and mitigation funding available so that we do not just rebuild our critical infrastructure to its original state but we rebuild resilient, redundant infrastructure ready for the next disaster. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 55 Page 69 of 210 The City continues to work diligently to mitigate hazards to its residents and business community. The identification of hazards, however, is the start of a process to understand what hazard mitigation actions could be undertaken to reduce future risk to the residents of Pearland and its business community. The City reviewed the State Hazard Mitigation Plan, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Information (NOAA, NCEI), FEMA's Disaster Declarations, the US Army Corp of Engineers National Inventory of Dams, the Harris County Flood Control District's flood warning system website database and Texas A&M Forest Service, Texas Wildfire Risk Assessment (TxWRAP). These reports were used in this plan update as follows: State Hazard Mitigation Plan: Plan's goals, actions and hazards were reviewed to gather data for this plan for mitigation strategy, goals, actions and hazard data. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Information (NOAA, NCEI): Information used to gather hazard data. FEMA Disaster Declarations: Information was used for historical information and for hazard data. USACE National Inventory of Dams: Review of the database to determine locations, size and other relevant information to prepare a review of the hazard Harris County Flood Control District's Flood Warning System Database: Database was queried to provide historical and real time hazard data. Harris County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update: Plan's goals, actions and hazards were reviewed to gather data for this plan. Brazoria County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update: Plan's goals, actions and hazards were reviewed to gather data for this plan. Brazoria Drainage District No. 4 Hazard Mitigation Plan: Plan's goals, actions and hazards were reviewed to gather data for this plan. Texas A&M Forest Service Texas Wildfire Assessment: Report was reviewed to gather hazard data. The next part of this section focuses on hazard identification, the potential impact of these hazards and the community's vulnerability from each hazard. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 56 Page 70 of 210 Drought UPDATE FROM LAST PLAN • Events since 2009, were updated and described • Information on the Drought Impact Reporter (DIR) added. • In addition, this section was formatted to explicitly address: Location, Previous Occurrence, Future Occurrence (Probability), and Extent. Also explicitly addressed are Impact and vulnerability summary. Hazard Description Drought is generally defined as a condition of climatic dryness severe enough to reduce soil moisture and water supplies below the requirements necessary to sustain normal plant, animal, and human life. In Texas, drought is often defined in terms of agricultural and hydrologic drought: • Agricultural drought is considered a dry period of sufficient duration and intensity that crop and animal agriculture are markedly affected. • Hydrologic drought is considered a long-term condition of abnormally dry weather that ultimately leads to the depletion of surface and ground water supplies. During hydrologic drought, a significant reduction in flow of rivers, streams, and springs is notable. Texas is divided into ten climatic divisions that range from substantially heavy precipitation through semi -arid to arid climates. Most of Texas is prone to periodic droughts of differing degrees of severity. One reason is the state's proximity to the Great American Desert of the southwestern United States. In every decade since recordation, Texas has fallen victim to one or more serious droughts. Location -Drought Brazoria County is susceptible to all ranges of drought as defined by the Palmer Drought Severity Index (see Extent) and since drought occurs on regional scale, all of the Pearland is equally at risk as it can occur anywhere in the jurisdiction. Previous Occurrence The NOAA Storm Events Database documents 9 drought events for Brazoria County since the year 1996 see Table 19. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 57 Page 71 of 210 Table 19 Drought Events in Brazoria County, 1950 - 2017 (Source: NOAA/NCEI) • • • ....._.—....,.. 1'X2163>164.176>179 .,... 0401/1996 ...... 1200' Mil yr Drought ...�, N/A ...— 0 ...� 0 .... 0 ..... 0 i. • 195>200.210:214' 2 TX7.163>164-176>179 0501/1996 1200 AM Drought N/A 0 0 ' 0 .195>200.210>214 • Tld>227 - 23A238 3j C2163>164- 176>179 06101/1996 1200 AM Drought N/A 0 0 0 0 -I95>2A0.210>214. 2j6>227. 239238 47X2163>164-176>179 0501/1998 1200 AM Drought NIA 0 0 0 -199200.210>214. 220227.235>238 5D069164.176>179 0601/1998 1200AM Drought N/A 0 0 0 -195>200.210>214. 226>227.235>238 TXZ163>164.176>179 07)01/1998 12:00 AM Drought NIA 0 0 0 .199200-210>214- 22Wm.239238 TX2163>164-176>179 080111998 1200 AM Drought N/A 0 0 230M 16791A • 195>200.210>214 • 236>227 - 239238 TXZ163>164-179179 0801(J000 1201 AM Droustd N/A 0 0 l 0 -199200.210>214- 216>27/•235>238 7XZ163>164.176>179 02/0112000 I200AM Drought N/A 0 0 I 1023M • 199200.210>214 - 220177-235>238 TOTALS: 0 V 23000M 270/00M However, the database did not include reports of the well-known droughts of 2011, 2012 and 2013 that impacted Pearland. The U.S. Drought Monitor indicates that 99% of the State was suffering at least "severe" drought conditions during the drought beginning in 2011; as indicated in a The Houston Chronicle news article, which indicated that the drought period extended from 2011-2013 and was one of the worst on record for the State (Berger, 2013). Future Occurrence Based on 6 years (1996, 1998, 2000, 2011, 2012 and 2013) of drought events within 20 years, a drought occurs approximately once every three years on average in Brazoria County and since droughts occur at a regional level, Pearland can expect a drought event approximately once every three years or a 30% chance annually. Magnitude/Extent In 1965, W.C. Palmer developed an index to measure the departure of the moisture supply, called the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). The PDSI indicates the prolonged and abnormal moisture deficiency or excess and general conditions, not local variations caused by isolated rain. The PDSI is an important climatological tool for evaluating the scope, severity, and City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 58 Page 72 of 210 frequency of prolonged periods of abnormally dry or wet weather. Figure H-6 shows the National Palmer Drought Severity Index (long-term). The graphic clearly depicts most of Texas being in a very severe drought (PDSI -4.0). The equation for the PDSI was empirically derived from the monthly temperature and precipitation scenarios of 13 instances of extreme drought in western Kansas and central Iowa and by assigning an index value of -4 for these cases. Conversely, a +4 represents extremely wet conditions. From these values, seven categories of wet and dry conditions can be defined. Table 20 identifies the values used to define the PDSI. During the 2011 event the PDSI was -4.0. The City, Brazoria County and the State can expect to experience continued exposure to the full range of drought conditions expressed by the PDSI. Table 20 Palmer Drought Severity Index (Source: NOAA, National Weather Service - Climate Prediction Center) 00 WSW Palmer Drought Severity Index -4.0 or less (Extreme Drought) -3.0 or -3.9 (Severe Drought) -2.0 or -2.9 (Moderate Drought) -1.9 to +1.9 (Near Normal) +2.0 or +2.9 (Unusual Moist Spell) +3.0 or +3_9 (Very Moist Spell) +4.0 or above (Extremely Moist) Figure H-6 (Source NCEI/NOAA) Palmer Drought Index Long -Term (Meteorological) Conditions *ImpM 416 101 ayeteaft August 2011 -w -I II • = "=w 1.1 Another measurement by the U.S. Drought Monitor, The U.S. Drought Monitor Drought Intensity Scale, classifies drought by 5 categories, DO through D4 with D4 being the most extreme drought conditions. The maximum drought extent experienced for Brazoria is a City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 59 Page 73 of 210 Category D4 drought as reported by the U.S. Drought Monitor in 2011 (Figure H-7). Therefore, it is surmised that Pearland also experienced a maximum D4 Drought. Figure H-7 State of Texas Palmer Drought Severity Index, current September 27, 2011 (Source: NCEI/NOAA) U.S. Drought Monitor Texas a',1 Gond+ton t !Percent Ala/ 01-04 02-04 C.front -''00100 le s.— 9916 9665 8515 Last Wed t04704011 nac, 000 10000 10000 9903 9610 8543 314O a 49° .'4,Z67011 mail 2 68 07 32 95 71 94 52 90 62 72 32 Start of ',emu Year .. 212010 map s 7 89 92 11 69 43 37 46 9 59 0 00 Start of Wate1 Vay {04 44010 ,..a61 7557 2443 243 099 000 000 One vaaf Ayo f0411•2010 maul 77.29 22 71 3 34 0 97 0 00 0 00 Intensity 00 ADm orally O7 El02 0'o1gn1 . Erte ne O1 O agle - Moaarala 04 O.o.gn' - Ercep'+vW IV 02 0.00;04 • Se1we September 27, 2011 Valid ' a m EST Impact The Drought Impact Reporter (DIR) is the nation's first comprehensive database of drought impacts. The database contains information from multiple federal agencies including the U.S. Department of Agriculture Risk Management Agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration TRACS program and Sectoral Applications Research Program. The DIR reports on County level but since drought impacts on a regional level, it can be surmised that the same impacts were experienced in Pearland. Figure H-9 describes the number of impacts reported by category with plants and wildlife, agriculture and fire being reported with the greatest frequency (see the report below). The light orange color that depict Brazoria is the level of the impacts (Figure H-8), in this case 4/5 out of 11. Fig ure H-8 Color code for Im )act City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 60 Page 74 of 210 In addition to the impacts reflected in the DIR, drought impacts were greatest on major population centers, prompting water conservation and reduction measures over an extended period. The Texas Agricultural Extension Service projected a $4 billion statewide economic loss as a result of the 1996 drought. In the Southeast Texas area, damage from the extended drought in 2011 reached record proportions as many crops were completely lost and large numbers of animals were sold because of insufficient grazing. In the Southeast Texas region, property damage was estimated at $10 million and agricultural losses were estimated at $100 million. Specific numbers for Pearland are not available but prompted the City to adopt an ordinance creating a Drought Conservation Plan. Figure H-9 Drought Impact Re op rt for Brazoria Count , Texas UTAII anso City anapo COLORADO ARIZONA Phoenix 0 Tucson SONORA o gle ►aodaafffitaGeoata SAN I Ins NEW MEXICO CHIHUAHU.., KANSAS OKL AROMA NUEVO 1. Monterrey Mexico TAMAUIIP MISSOURI KEN Nashville 0 TENNESSEE ARKANSAS MISSISSIPPI LOUISIANA New xas 1 01-22-2017 - 01-22-2018 I ♦•9••0•V♦ 1 41%d1 111 Impact Counts Impacts List I Page 1/12 Report Counts Reports List I Page 1/55 :ounty Impacts 1 Texas 113 :ategory • Agriculture 48 • Fire 37 • Relief, Response & Restrictions 33 • Water Supply & Quality 22 ALABAMA • Business & Industry • Plants & Wildlife • Society & Public Health 2 78 3 teport Source Mg Media • CoCoRaHS 54 58 User 1 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 61 Page 75 of 210 Overall Vulnerability Drought risks to people and property within the City of Pearland cannot be distinguished by area; the hazard is reasonably predicted to have uniform probability of occurrence across the entire City. All people and assets are considered to have the same degree of exposure. The drought hazard affects all residential and commercial building types about equally within the planning area. Vulnerable assets may include residential, commercial and critical facility buildings, crops, farms, and common assets such as drinking water. Lakes and rivers, soil and similar natural resources and also vulnerable. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 62 Page 76 of 210 Extreme Heat UPDATE FROM LAST PLAN • Events since 2009, were updated and described. • Due to NCEI data limits, NOWData was used for impact and some vulnerability. • In addition, this section was formatted to explicitly address: Location, Previous Occurrence, Future Occurrence (Probability), and Extent. Also explicitly addressed are Impact and vulnerability summary. Hazard Description - Extreme Heat The 2013 Texas HMP Update defines extreme heat as a combination of very high temperatures and, usually, exceptionally humid conditions. When persisting over a period of time, it is called a heat wave. Extreme heat kills by pushing the human body beyond its limits. Under normal conditions, the body's internal thermostat produces perspiration that evaporates and cools the body. However, in extreme heat and high humidity, evaporation is slowed and the body must work harder to maintain a normal temperature. Temperatures that hover 10 degrees or more above the average high temperature for the region and last for several weeks are defined as extreme heat. Humid or muggy conditions, which add to the discomfort of high temperatures, occur when a "dome" of high atmospheric pressure traps hazy, damp air near the ground. Excessively dry and hot conditions are often prerequisites for dust storms. Most heat disorders occur because the victim has been overexposed to heat or has over -exerted themselves, considering age and physical condition. Other conditions that can promote and exacerbate heat -related illnesses include stagnant atmospheric conditions and poor air quality. Location Extreme heat occurs on a regional scale; therefore all of Pearland is equally at risk as it can occur anywhere in the City. The climate is humid subtropical, with hot summers and frequent, prolonged heat waves. Numerous heat -related fatalities have occurred in the areas surrounding Pearland. Many of these fatalities are likely to have occurred in more rural areas of Brazoria County (and thus outside the City of Pearland) where there are a greater number of homes without air conditioning. Previous Occurrence Data included in the current plan, derived from the NCEI database, indicates that between 1950 and 2008, there were six extreme heat events that affected the entire County, to include the City of Pearland. These events are summarized below in Table 21. The NCEI database indicates that for the six extreme heat events there were a total of 38 deaths, 200 injuries and no property damage in Brazoria County. As part of the original plan development a member of the public highlighted that there was a prolonged heat wave in July of 1980 that affected the City. This event was not listed in the NCEI database of extreme events. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 63 Page 77 of 210 When the NCEI database was queried from 2009-2017, there were no additional extreme heat events, so the NOAA Online Weather Data (NOWData) and the National Weather Service (NWS) Heat Index were queried from 2009-2017. Table 21 Extreme Heat Events in Brazoria County, 1950 — 2008 (Source: NOAA/NCEI) c ILSIPTRA7VRY ExTlfAffS Braa«ia Cash, Trim betty n env.) wete to ated in Dias Munn.* een 01 •1 1910 and IA Dent 4 Japers RD Property Dame Dead: CrD Crop Damage Terse I2.312N8. Click on Localism or Caaagto dtgelay Latara sr Cemy Date ire Type Itlas- Ihh Iy HD Cti I TAZ176>I79. 220 227 - 07r2111995 2050 Heat Wave jIWA 2 200 0 C 195.200.235,232 - 210,214 21XY163>164 • 1760.179 . 06/26/1999 0600 AM Faetttee OVA 3 0 0 0 195,200. 210214 • 226,227 lieu • 235,233 3IX2163>I61- 176.179 - 06RN1<1999 060C AM farmer NIA 6 0 0 0 195.200-210.214-226.227 Heat • 235'238 4TXZ161>164-176.179- 07/0612000 0600AM Esc et nee NIA 19 0 0 0 495.200 - 210>214 - 226>227 Heal 235>238 5 T1Q 163> 164 - 176,173 - C 2012000 0600 AOC Eaxetave NIA 3 0 0 0 195,200 - 210.214 - 226.,',�27Heat �m - 235>2;fl 6 T/2163,164 • 170,179 • 03/012000 1200 AM Env NIA 5 0 0 0 195>200 - 210,214 . 22 - 227 Heat - 235,238 7YIFALS 38 200 0 7 According to the Houston Sugarland Memorial Station, the closest local weather data collection center with comprehensive data, the mean number of days with a daily maximum temperature equal or greater than 90°F is 108. In 2011, Pearland experienced several days with extreme heat, with a peak temperature of 108°. Figure H-13 and Figure H-14 presents data from 2009-2017 for the monthly number of days with Temperatures greater than 90°F and the Monthly Highest Temperatures. Figure H-13 Monthly Number of Days Max Temperature =>90°, Houston-Sugarland Memorial Station (NOAA, NWS 2017 Year Jan Feb Mar April May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual 2009 0 0 0 0 14 28 31 29 10 6 0 0 118 2010 0 0 0 0 12 25 23 31 15 2 1 0 109 2011 0 0 0 4 18 29 30 31 27 2 0 0 141 2012 0 0 0 0 9 25 20 31 17 4 0 0 106 2013 0 0 1 0 3 28 27 28 23 3 0 0 113 2014 0 0 0 1 2 24 27 25 18 6 0 0 103 2015 0 0 0 0 1 23 30 29 20 8 0 0 111 2016 0 0 0 0 1 20 30 19 21 7 0 0 98 2017 0 0 0 2 7 18 30 26 20 9 0 0 112 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 64 Page 78 of 210 Figure H-14 Monthly Highest Maximum Temperature, Houston-Sugarland Memorial Station (NOAA, NWS 2017) Year Jan Feb Mar April May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual 2009 83 85 85 88 93 104 102 103 94 93 79 75 90 2010 76 71 79 86 95 95 96 99 94 93 91 82 88. 2011 77 82 86 92 97 103 101 108 102 90 88 82 92 2012 80 82 85 86 94 102 95 98 98 91 88 85 90 2013 82 79 91 84 93 106 99 102 100 92 85 81 91 2014 77 80 83 93 92 94 98 98 97 92 82 81 88 2015 79 81 83 88 92 95 101 104 94 94 86 85 90 2016 79 80 86 87 90 95 98 98 96 93 86 83 89 2017 82 87 87 91 93 96 100 99 94 94 89 81 91 Future Occurrence The probability of future events can be determined by assessing historical averages. Since extreme heat occurs on a regional scale, it is assumed that Pearland experienced the same or very similar conditions to the Houston-Sugarland Memorial Station. Based on the NOWData, Sugarland can expect approximately 108 days of 90° or greater temperatures. As extreme heat events have occurred every year since 2000, the probability of extreme heat affecting the community is 100% in any given year. Extent The National Weather Service (NWS) maintains a Heat Index which helps provide information on perceived heat and dangers of exposure considering the relationship between air temperature and relative humidity. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 65 Page 79 of 210 Relative Humidity (%) Temperature (F) 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 1 0 82 1 83 1 84 2 84 2 85 :3 86 4 88 4 89 5 90 6 91 6 93 7 95 84 85 86 88 89 90 92 94 96 98 100 103 8 87 88 89 91 93 95 97 100 102 105 108 1 88 89 91 93 95 98 100 103 106 110 1 91 93 95 97 100 103 105 109 11. 1 94 96 99 101 105 108 112 11 9 101 100 104 103 108 106 112 110 116. 114. 119 10 109 109 114 113 118 117,12 12 11 Impact The NWS also posts the impact of prolonged exposure to Extreme Heat: Likelihood of Heat Disorders with Prolonged Exposure or Strenuous Activity ❑ Caution ❑ Extreme Caution ❑ Danger • Extreme Danger lassdicatron Heat Index Effect on the body Caution Extreme Caution ane r 80°F Fatigue possible with prolonged exposure and or physical activity 90°F 90°F - Heat stroke. heat cramps. or heat exhaustion possible with 101-f prolonged exposure and or physical activity 103°F - Heat cramps or heat exhaustion bkety. and heat stroke puss Within the City of Pearland, Extreme Heat risks to people and property cannot be distinguished by area; the hazard is reasonably predicted to have uniform probability of occurrence across the entire City. All people and assets are considered to have the same degree of exposure. Older and lower -income populations are generally presumed to be more vulnerable to the effects of very high temperatures, because they are either physical less capable of tolerating heat, or do not have air conditioning, or both. Excessive heat also places increased demands on the electrical power system and excessive usage could cause power outages. Power outages obviously impact those areas that lose power and can potentially impact vulnerable populations like the elderly, the young and the economically disadvantaged. Based on U.S. Census Quick Facts (In order for the all of the category data to be compared in the same year, Table 22 used Pearland's 2010 population), the City of Pearland's vulnerable population is comprised of approximately 23,500 people. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 66 Page 80 of 210 Table 22 Pearland Population Breakdown Population-2010 100% 91,252 Persons under 5 9.10% 8,304 Person 65 and older 7.70% 7,026 Persons With a Disability 4.60% 4,198 Persons in Poverty 4.50% 4,106 TOTAL 23,634 Vulnerability To estimate potential dollar value of losses to existing buildings, the City of Pearland evaluated the prior loss data from the NCEI database. Pearland considers the extreme heat hazard as highly likely to impact the City on an annual basis. The most probable upper range of temperatures is around 110 degrees Fahrenheit. The extreme heat hazard affects all residential and commercial building types about equally within the planning area, although it is the population rather than the built environmental that is mostly likely to suffer the effects of extreme heat. None of the events identified in the NCEI database caused any prior property damage. Due to the fact that there is no record of any historical building damage as a result of extreme heat, the estimated annual dollar value damage to existing or future buildings due to extreme heat is negligible. The potential annual losses as a result of fatalities and personal injuries is calculated by using the values in the current FEMA BCA guidance which are $5.8 million for each fatality and $90,000 for treat and release injuries. Thus the annual estimated cost associated with loss of life from extreme heat in Brazoria County is approximately $3.673 million, and $300,000 for personal injuries. Similar to other hazards, using county and city census data the annual loss estimate for the entire County can be proportioned for the City of Pearland. Using 2016 U.S. Census population estimates, the 113,570 residents in Pearland represent approximately 32 percent of the County total population (354,195). Applying this percentage, it is estimated that the annual loss from extreme heat in the City of Pearland is approximately $1,177.720. It is unclear why the NCEI data shown does not pre -date 1995 — the lack of information about earlier events distorts the calculation because the entire period of record (to 1950) is used to determine the annual losses. The figures should be considered conservative estimates, at best. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 67 Page 81 of 210 FLOOD UPDATE FROM LAST PLAN • Events since 2009, were updated and described. In addition, this section was formatted to explicitly address: Location, Previous Occurrence, Future Occurrence (Probability), and Extent. Also explicitly addressed are Impact and vulnerability summary. Hazard Description Flood When rainfall runoff collects in rivers, creeks, and streams and exceeds the capacity of channels, floodwaters overflow onto adjacent lands. Floods result from rain events, whether short and intense or prolonged and less intense. In recent years, most flooding in Pearland has been associated with storms that originate as hurricanes and tropical storms that subsequently move inland. Floods have been and continue to be the most frequent, destructive, and costly natural hazard facing the State of Texas. Ninety percent of the State's damage reported for major disasters is associated with floods. Records indicate that the streams draining Pearland have flooded throughout the City's history. Most recently, since 1990 Pearland has been impacted by six significant flood events including: 1994, 1998, 2001, 2005, 2008 and 2017. Location - Flood The location of the 1 % (100-year) and 0.2% (500-year) annual chance event floodplains for the City of Pearland are shown in Figures H-15 and H-16. These are the locations within the planning area that are at greatest risk of flooding, with the darker blue subject to the greatest risk. The two maps are nearly identical, but single map was insufficient to adequately depict the entirety of the City, so each are shown to highlight the eastern and western portions of the City. There are 7,376 NFIP policies in force throughout the City, insuring structures and contents at a value of $2,286,243,100. 5,512 of the 7,376 NFIP polices (75 percent) are in the SFHA. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 68 4 Page 82 of 210 1�Z 0c8G02. Figure H-15 City of Pearland Effective FIRM City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 69 06Z10 178 abed f'LAI;J..ANU Figure H-16 City of Pearland Effective FIRM CITY OF PEARLAND Flood Zones Floodzone ) City Limits tel City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 70 Previous Occurrences The NCEI Storm Events Database only lists flood events from 1997 to present. The listed flood events show location and or a description of damages within Pearland. The NCEI indicates that between 1997 and 2017 there were 19 flood events that impacted the City of Pearland. There is no indication as to why there are no events listed prior to 1997, but it is assumed that flooding followed similar patterns in the past. For these events, the NCEI database reported no deaths or injuries and a total of $723,386,000 in damages. It is important to note, however, that there were a number of flood -related fatalities in the surrounding communities so there is a potential risk of loss of life, which as calculated by FEMA BCA guidance amounts to approximately $5.8 million each. Table 23 summarizes the 19 events that have occurred in the City of Pearland, including four that occurred since the last version of this Plan. Table 23 Flood Events in the City of Pearland 1997 — 2017 (Source: NOAA/NCEI) Location Date Dth Inj Damage Event Description Countywide* 1/27/1997 0 0 $5,000 Street Flooding Countywide* 4/25/1997 0 0 $10,000 Street Flooding North portion* 1/4/1998 0 0 $7,000 Street Flooding Pearland 1/6/1998 0 0 $2,000 Street Flooding Countywide* 6/5/2001 0 0 $22.2Millio n*** Tropical Storm Allison - In Pearland, hundreds of residences were flooded. High winds and wind driven rain caused water intrusion at the Green Tee Number 1 air-lift station North portion* 8/31/2001 0 0 $500,000 Water reported in some homes Pearland 4/8/2002 0 0 $5,000 Street Flooding Pearland 5/17/2002 0 0 $1,000 Street Flooding Countywide* 9/10/2002 0 0 $30,000 Countywide flooding Pearland 10/24/200 2 0 0 $75,000 Water within two feet of entering homes Countywide* 11/5/2002 0 0 $35,000 Street Flooding Northeast portion* 12/4/2002 0 0 $2,000 Flooding in extreme northeast portion of County Pearland 11/17/200 3 0 0 $5,000 Flooding across northern Brazoria County Countywide* 9/12/2008 0 0 $700 Million*** Ike damaged approximately two thousand homes and businesses and created citywide power outages. Pearland 4/24/2009 0 0 $1,000 Street Flooding Pearland 4/17/2015 0 0 $8,000 Street Flooding Pearland 8/20/2015 0 0 $0 Street Flooding Pearland 3/29/2017 0 0 $0 Street Flooding City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 71 Page 85 of 210 Location Date Dth Inj Damage Event Description Pearland (City Assets) 8/26/2017 0 0 $500,000** Harvey — There were 1674 homes that experienced flood damage and there were 450 substantial damage letters sent out to residents. Approximately 27 City of Pearland buildings were damaged by Hurricane Harvey, mostly related to floodwater intrusion and rain that entered damaged buildings and caused water damage to walls, ceiling tiles, roof membranes, building contents, and floors. 0 0 $723,386,000 *Damage estimates for "Countywide, North Portion and Northeast portion" are not specific to Pearland, but the entire area affected from those floods. **Pearland early estimates of Harvey damages to City assets and does not include damages to private property. Actual damages to private property are still unknown. ***A portion of the estimated damages for Tropical Storm Allison and Hurricane Ike are due to wind, but the exact amount is unknown Future Probability The City of Pearland has experienced 19 flood events between 1997 and 2017. 19 events reported over 20 years suggests a flood occurs approximately every year on average, though frequently, it is limited to street flooding and costs confined to debris removal. Flood Extent Flood severity is measured in various ways, including frequency, depth, velocity, duration and contamination, among others. In Pearland, characterizing the severity of the flood hazard depends on what part of the City is being considered, but generally speaking the issues relate to how often floods occur. Floods are and continue to be the most frequent, destructive, and costly natural hazard facing the City of Pearland. Flash floods almost always result from rains associated with hurricanes and tropical storms. The planning area also experiences the second greatest frequency of thunderstorms in the United States and is conducive to frequent, heavy rainfall — which typically results in an annual rainfall of over 50 inches. The flooding problems in the City are considered severe in some areas. The flat terrain, clay soils and impervious surfaces found in this area contribute to the flood problem. In the City, there are 7,376 active flood insurance policies, many of which sit within the floodplain. Flooding can occur during any month of the year in Pearland; however, the greatest likelihood of the occurrence is mid -summer to early winter. Mid -summer flooding (July, August, and September) is most likely to result from tropical storm and hurricane development. Flooding in the fall to early winter (October, November and December) usually results from stationary weak cold fronts. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 72 Page 86 of 210 Pearland has been actively pursuing projects to reduce the severity of flooding in the area. After Tropical Storm Allison, the City acquired several homes to reduce the amount of people and property at risk. The City has also completed several major drainage improvement projects such as Town Ditch Improvement, East Mary's Creek sub -regional detention pond, Cowarts Creek Diversion and regional detention pond, Max Road regional detention pond as well as street drainage system improvement projects like projects like the Corrigan Subdivision drainage improvement, Old Town Site drainage improvements, etc. to name some of the projects recently undertaken to reduce flood risk. To assist with the City's early flood warning capabilities, Pearland completed a project installing nine stream gages that were transferred to the Brazoria Drainage District 4 (BDD4) in August- 2017, which agreed to maintain and operate the gages. The gages link to the Harris County Flood Control network and provide the public with a user-friendly format that is a part of the flood warning system which measures rainfall and monitors water levels in bayous and major streams on a real-time basis to inform the public of dangerous weather conditions. The system relies on 154 gage stations strategically placed throughout Harris County bayous and their tributaries. The stations contain sensors that transmit valuable data during times of heavy rainfall and during tropical storms and hurricanes. Some gages also measure wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, air temperature, road temperature and humidity. The City owns six weather stations, there is a link from the Public Works Department website and can be viewed on Davis WeatherLink website and mobile application. The nine rain gages in the Pearland vicinity located on Clear Creek, Mary's Creek, Cowart Creek, Chigger Creek, Beamer Ditch and Turkey Creek are maintained by the Harris County Flood Warning System. The relevant rain gages are shown in Figure H-16 below. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 73 Page 87 of 210 Figure H-16 Rain Gages near Pearland Source: Harris County Flood Control District — Flood Warning System Brookside Village O 3roadway St 128) z 7 Sam Houston Tlwy ■ Pearland [126 b Bailey Rd l'� 1 4a E , r. �� Clover Field o. Airport Pearland Sites Rd Hastings eb *4' la z S C▪ J Friendsw S 7M1M£AB,O W HUM81f CAMP POLLY OAKS RANCHO Vi, These gages show real time data including water level showing how far water is below the bank and expected water elevation for a 10-year, 50-year, 100-year and 500-year event. They also show high water marks during various storms. The tables below are for the Clear Creek Gage at Country Club Dive (the gage indicated by the red arrow). The top of the bank for this part of Clear Creek is 36.00 Feet Table 24 Flood Water Elevation and Frequency for Clear Creek Gage at Country Club Dr. Source: Harris County Flood Control District — Flood Warning System Flood Frequency Elevation 10% (10-year) 36.40' 2% (50-year) 38.30' 1% (100-year) 39.10' .2% (500-year) 40.80' City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 74 Page 88 of 210 J LtM Li? NU Table 25 Historical Storm Water Elevation for the Clear Creek Gage at Country Club Dr. Harris County Flood Control District — Flood Warning System Date Event Elevation* (Top of Bank 36.00') 10/16/2006 35.70' 8/16/2008 Erin 32.40' 9/13/2008 Ike 33.90' 4/18/2009 34.10' 8/27/2017 Harvey 40.30 *High water elevations are approximate As noted by Table 25, Hurricane Harvey pushed flood waters more than four feet over the top of the bank in this area. Many of the other gages show similar data, with a few gages showing some of the above storms other than Harvey also exceeding the banks of the creeks. Impact The following describes the inventory counts for buildings in the City of Pearland. Table 26 Structures within the City of Pearland t Type Number of Structures Single Family Homes 37,150 Multi -family Homes 7,859 Total Residential 45,009 Commercial Buildings 2,685 Public Buildings/Infrastructure 145 Flood insurance policies and claims information can be used to identify buildings in mapped floodplains (where lenders require insurance) and where flooding has occurred (where owners are sufficiently concerned that they purchase flood insurance even if not required). This characterization of flood risk is described below. Data provided by FEMA indicate that as of January 1, 2017, 7,376 federal flood insurance policies were in -force, insuring structures and contents at a value of $2,286,243,100. These insurance policies are administered by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). There are 153 Repetitive Loss structures and 37 Severe Repetitive Loss structures in Pearland. Of those 37 Severe Repetitive Loss properties, 25 are insured and thus, 32 percent are not insured. It is City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 75 Page 89 of 210 anticipated that at least two of the 153 Repetitive Loss properties will be added to the Severe Repetitive Loss Property List. Only 76 of the 153 Repetitive Loss Properties are currently insured and thus, approximately half (72) are not insured. These figures will likely change as Hurricane Harvey losses will increase properties both on the Repetitive Loss Property List and the Severe Repetitive Loss Property List. NFIP Repetitive Loss Properties In recent years, FEMA has focused considerable attention on the Repetitive Loss (RL) subset of insured buildings. These properties have received two or more claim payments of at least $1,000 over a ten-year period. FEMA's database identifies 153 properties as RL properties in Pearland (this number includes properties with active flood insurance policies as well as those with inactive policies). Note that the RL properties below do not include those listed as mitigated on FEMA's Database. Collectively, they had received claim payments of over $10 million (includes payments for building damage and contents damage). As of January 1, 2017, repetitive loss statistics for areas within Pearland showed 153 Repetitive Loss properties. Of this total, 144 were categorized as residential properties and 9 were non- residential. Table 27 summarizes the RL Statistics for the City of Pearland (SRL properties are broken out and analyzed separately). Table 27 RL Statistics for the City of Pearland (Source: FEMA, 2017) Properties Building Payments Contents Payments Total # of claims Average 153 $7,695,596 $2,577,035 $10,272,632 413 $24,873 Flood Risk to Residential Repetitive Loss Properties Table 28 provides a summary of residential repetitive flood insurance claims for individual streets with two homes or more on the RL List in Pearland. The building, contents, and total claims data has been combined for streets that include more than one repetitive loss property. Address data about individual sites is omitted for privacy reasons. The table shows that the 144 residential repetitive loss properties received claim payments over $9.7 million (includes payments for building damage and contents damage). Table 28 Summary of Residential NFIP Repetitive Loss Statistics; Pearland, TX Street Name RL Properties Number of Claims Total Paid Average Claim Payment ********* 18 50 $1,491,847 $29,837 ********* 12 30 $1,203,484 $40,166 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 76 Page 90 of 210 Street Name RL Properties Number of Claims Total Paid Average Claim Payment ********* 5 11 $297,627 $27,057 ********* 4 11 $128,496 $11,681. ********* 4 11 $313,924 $28,539 ********* 4 14 $925,288 $66,092 ********* 4 12 $290,527 $24,211 ********* 4 9 $204,524 $22,725 ********* 4 13 $203,610 $15,662 ********* 3 7 $195,197 $27,885 ********* 3 7 $197,141 $28,163 ********* 3 7 $288,132 $41,162 ********* 3 7 $188,751 $26,964 ********* 3 7 $213,269 $30,467 ********* 3 10 $192,785 $19,278 ********* 3 8 $153,558 $19,195 ********* 3 7 $74,890 $10,699 ********* 3 8 $112,732 $14,092 ********* 3 7 $204,952 $29,279 ********* 3 9 $200,686 $22,298 ********* 2 7 $254,088 $36,298 ********* 2 6 $105,587 $17,598 ********* 2 6 $217,566 $36,261 ********* 2 4 $71,011 $17,753 ********* 2 4 $8,842 $2,211 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 77 Page 91 of 210 Street Name RL Properties Number of Claims Total Paid Average Claim Payment ********* 2 4 $26,734 $6,683 ********* 2 5 $41,714 $8,343 Remaining 38 streets each with only one RL property. 38 III $1,931,438 $17,400 Grand Total 144 392 $9,738,398 $24,843 Pearland has an extensive history of repetitive loss flood claims, so it is possible to perform a relatively simple statistical risk assessment using average annual losses and a present value coefficient calculation to project losses over a planning horizon. Residential flood risk is calculated by a simple methodology that uses the FEMA default present -value coefficients from the benefit -cost analysis software modules. To perform this calculation, the repetitive loss data were reviewed to determine an approximate period over which the claims occurred. This method should not be used for risk assessments for individual properties because of the generalizations that are used, but the method is appropriate for larger numbers of properties and policies that are spread over an entire jurisdiction. It is presumed that more accurate figures would be somewhat higher because the underlying statistics are for properties that had flood insurance, were flooded, and had paid claims. There are nearly always some properties in a jurisdiction that are flooded in big events, and do not have flood insurance (or did not make claims) and are thus not represented in the sample. Most of the flood claims in this query occurred between 1979 and 2017, a period of 38 years. Table 28 summarizes the projected 100-year risk to all RL and SRL properties. Based on a 100- year horizon and a present value coefficient of 14.27 (the coefficient for 100 years using the mandatory Office of Management and Budget (OMB) discount rate of 7.0 percent), the projected flood risk to these properties is shown at the bottom of the table. FEMA guidance defines net present value as "The benefits of a mitigation measure that are counted into the future (for the duration of the project useful life) and then discounted using an OMB -established discount rate." When we take the historical losses of $14,935,297 experienced over a 38-year period, we derived annualized losses of $393,034. We then determine the net present value of annualized losses of $393,034.16 over a hundred year horizon. To do this we use the 100 year net value coefficient of 14.27. The calculated net present value of a $393,034.16 annual loss over the next 100 years is $5,608,597.40. The difference between $14,935,297 experienced over a 38-year period and a projected $5,608,597.40 over the next 100 years, is that the latter is a net present value calculation. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 78 Page 92 of 210 It must be understood that individuals can obtain and cancel flood insurance policies, and the flood hazard depends on many variables, including the weather, so this projection is simply an estimate of potential damages. Therefore, if not mitigated, the net present value of projected flood risk over a 100 year timeframe is $5,608,597. While it is an estimate, it offers a useful metric that can be used in assessing the potential cost effectiveness of mitigation actions. Table 29— Projected 100-year Flood Risk in Pearland to Severe Repetitive Loss and Repetitive Loss Properties (Source: FEMA NFIP query January 1, 2017) Data Value Period in years 38 Number of claims 587 Average claims per year 15.45 Total value of claims $14,935,298 Average value of claims per year $393,034 Projected risk, 100-year horizon $5,608,597 Table 30 shows the above risk to just residential Repetitive Loss Properties. There have been 392 claims in the 38-year period, for an average number of 10.32 claims per year. Table 30 — Projected 100-year Flood Risk in Pearland to Residential Repetitive Loss Areas (Source: FEMA NFIP query January 1, 2017) Data 38 Period in years Number of claims 392 A verage claims per year I 10.32 Total value of claims $9,738,399 Average value of claims per year $256,274 Projected risk, 100-year horizon $3,657,025 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 79 Page 93 of 210 Non -Residential Repetitive Loss Properties As noted earlier, as of January 1, 2017, Pearland had 9 non-residential repetitive loss properties in the NFIP database. Table 31 provides a summary of non-residential repetitive loss claims for six individual streets in Pearland with non-residential RL properties. The building, contents, and total claims data has been combined for streets that include more than one repetitive loss property. Similar to the residential repetitive loss data, address data about individual sites is omitted for reasons of privacy. Table 31— Projected 100-year Flood Risk, Non -Residential Repetitive Loss Properties in Pearland (Source: FEMA NFIP query January 1, 2017) Street Name Total Claims Properties Claims ($) Average Claim Payment 2 $95,860 2 1 $71,589 2 3 $41,926 2 i 1 $29,421 2 3 21 1 $229,563 1 $65,874 $534,233 $23,965 $11,931 $10,482 $14,710 $114,781 $21,958 $25,440 It should be noted that some of the non-residential properties on this list may be at far greater flood risk than indicated, because there may be have been periods where the owner(s) did not carry flood insurance, with the result that these properties may have been damaged but there is no record of it in the NFIP. This type of analysis, therefore, is not definitively conclusive. Absent the NFIP data, it would be, however, possible to perform relatively simple engineering studies to better assess risks for properties with just a few claims, but where historical data suggests an area may be vulnerable to additional flood -related losses. The information in this section should be used for planning purposes only, i.e. as the basis for additional steps in risk assessment, and eventually (where warranted) targeted mitigation actions to reduce the risk. For example, a property that has received a number of claim payments not much higher than $1,000 would be considered an unlikely candidate for mitigation using public funds. It may, however, be an excellent candidate for damage -reduction actions taken by the owner. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 80 Page 94 of 210 The same statistical risk assessment using average annual losses and a present value coefficient calculation to project losses over a planning horizon can be used for the non-residential properties in Table 32. Table 32 —Projected 100-year Flood Risk in Pearland to Non -Residential Repetitive Loss Areas (Source: FEMA NFIP query January 1, 2017) Data Value Period in years 38 Number of claims 21 Average claims per year 0.55 Total value of claims $534,233 .........................................--�------- Average Average value of claims per ....__._. _.-._ $14,059 Projected risk, 100-year horizon $200,618 NFIP SEVERE REPETITIVE LOSS PROPERTIES In 2004 FEMA began to develop the Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) Grant Program in an effort to reduce or eliminate flood damages to residential properties that met certain minimum requirements. FEMA initiated the program early in 2008. The SRL Grant Program has since been included in the FMA Grant Program, with SRL properties being a top priority. An SRL property is defined as a residential property that is covered under an NFIP flood insurance policy and: • has at least four NFIP claim payments (including building and contents) over $5,000 each, and the cumulative amount of such claims payments exceeds $20,000; or • for which at least two separate claims payments (building payments only) have been made with the cumulative amount of the building portion of such claims exceeding the market value of the building. SRL properties are a subset of the RL list, but were not included in the analyses above. As of January 1, 2017, Pearland had 37 properties on the SRL list, 36 of which are residential and 25 are insured. Table 32 provides loss estimates for SRL properties in Pearland summarized at the street level, as calculated by FEMA and the NFIP. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 81 Page 95 of 210 Table 32- Projected 100-year Flood Risk, Severe Repetitive Loss Properties in Pearland (Source: FEMA/NFIP, Query January 1, 2017) Street Name Properties :,__ _ _. Claims Total Claims ($) Average Claim Payment ********** 7 36 $ 980,879 $27,247 ********** 2 15 $ 155,980 $10,399 ********** 2 9 $ 329,192. $36,577 ********** 2 11 $ 434,935. $39,540 ********** 2 11 $ 295,921 $26,902 ********** 2 6 $ 588,714 $98,119 ********** 2 13 $ 456,682 $35,129 ********** 1 4 $ 81,181 $ 20,295 ********** 1 5 $ 100,252 $ 20,050 ********** 1 11 $ 233,602 $ 21,237 ********** 1 4 $ 267,592 $ 66,898 ********** 1 7 $ 123,684 $ 17,669 ********** 1 5 $ 104,363 $ 20,873 ********** 1 3 $ 209,967 $ 69,989 ********** 1. 4 $ 71,350 $ 17,838 ********** 1 4 $ 80,307 $ 20,077 ********** 1 5 $ 92,341 $ 18,468 ********** 1 4 $ 150,330 $ 37,582 ********** 1 4 $ 149,633 $ 37,408 ********** 1 5 $ 112,451 $ 22,490 ********** 1 7 $ 102,720 $ 14,674 ********** 1 5 $ 110,554 $ 22,111 ********** 1 4 $ 136,558 $ 34,140 ********** 1 6 $ 145,970 $ 24,328 ********** 1 4 $ 121,576 $ 30,394 37 192 $ 5,636,736 $ 29,358 It should be noted that some of the properties on this list may be at far greater flood risk than indicated, because there may be have been periods where the owner(s) did not carry flood insurance, with the result that they may have been damaged but there is no record of it. This type of analysis is not totally conclusive. It would be possible to perform relatively simple engineering studies to better assess risks for properties with just a few claims, but where data suggests that sites may be vulnerable to additional flood -related losses. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 82 Page 96 of 210 The information in this section should be used for planning purposes only, i.e. as the basis for additional steps in risk assessment, and eventually (where warranted) targeted mitigation actions to reduce the risk. Table 33— Projected 100-year Flood Risk in Pearland to Severe Repetitive Loss Areas (Source: FEMA NFIP query January 1, 2017) Data Period in years 38 Number of claims 192 Average claims per year 5.05 Total value of claims $5,636,736 Average value of claims per year Projected risk, 100-year horizon $148,335 $2,116,743 Flood Risks — Public Buildings Figure H-17 shows the overlap of critical facilities in the floodplain. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 83 Page 97 of 210 Figure H-17 — Pearland Owned Facilities City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 84 Page 98 of 210 Public Schools. The Pearland Independent School District (ISD) owns the City's 27 public schools and buildings that support the school system. Based on a review of the FIRM, of the 27 schools, 25 are in Zone X. The only addresses that fall within the 100-year floodplain are Pearland Junior High South located at 4719 Bailey Road and Alexander Middle School located at 3001 Old Alvin Road. The school buildings were permitted as being in the 100-year floodplain and are elevated at least one foot above the base flood elevation. While not in the Pearland ISD, there are 10 other schools located in Pearland that are run by Alvin (9) and Pasadena (1). These schools are all located in the X zone (500-year floodplain). Flood Risks — City Assets Aside from City facilities, the City also owns other assets such as tractors, bulldozers, dump trucks, excavators and many other vehicles. Those vehicles are mainly stored in the covered vehicle storage area, far from the floodplain. However, some of these vehicles are often in use and at various project sites that may sit in a flood prone area. The City closely monitors the weather and takes proactive steps, when possible, to move vulnerable equipment to higher ground when equipment is being operated or staged in a flood prone area. Flood Risks — Roads Nationwide, flooded roads pose the greatest threat to people during floods. Most of the more than 200 people who die in floods each year are lost when they try to drive across flooded roads. Driving into water is the number one weather -related cause of death in Central Texas. Statewide, between 1960 and 1996, 76% of flood -related deaths were vehicle -related (Texas Environmental Center, online). As illustrated in Figure H-18, flood hazards for cars vary with both velocity and depth of floodwaters. Many cars will float in less than 24 inches of water. Fast-moving water can quickly wash cars off the road or wash out a low section of road. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 85 Page 99 of 210 Figure H-18 Flood Hazard Chart for Cars (Source: Downstream Hazard Classification Guidelines) 4 3.5 3 3 2.5 2 E 1.5 S 1 0.5 0 Flood Hazard Mart for Cara HIGH DANGER ZONE JUDGEMENT ZONE 1.1. 1011111111111111111 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 VELOCITY (fps) Within the City limits of Pearland there are • 806 miles of city -maintained roads • 362 centerline miles • 34.5 miles of roadway in the mapped floodplain • 31.71 miles of road and 5 large bridges are owned by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), including the following: SH 35; FM 518; FM 1128; FM 865; SH 288; and FM 2234. Although most roads in Pearland are unlikely to have deep or fast-moving water during flood conditions up to the level of the 100-year flood, many can experience minor flooding conditions on a regular basis. Table 34, prepared by Pearland's Road and Bridge Maintenance, lists roads and intersections that where flood warning signs are placed due to frequent flooding. As part of the 2018 Plan update, the MPC reviewed the flood prone roads included in Table 33 and considered the list valid with no additions or changes. In addition to the permanent flood warning signs, the City also has 50 portable high water -signs that are placed along roadways during severe storms to warn motorists of possible floodwaters. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 86 Page 100 of 210 Table 34 Flood -Prone Roads in Pearland (Source: City of Pearland) Flood -Prone Roads Apple Springs & Mclean Neches River & Fite I Rockland & S. I Hatfield I. Carmona & S. Hatfield Corrigan & W. 1 Piper & W. Broadway Broadway j Piper & Fite Cedar & Orange j Cedar & Cherry Willow & Orange Willow & Cherry j Mykawa & Orange Mykawa & Broadway Mykawa & Cherry 1 Cherry & Pear Cherry & Peach i Austin & Jasmine 1 Francis & Woody Francis & W Broadway Halbert & Woody 1 Halbert & W Broadway Cunningham & Woody i Cunningham & W 1 Lynn & Woody Broadway i Lynn & W Broadway Plum & Briar Circle 1 Plum & Linwood Oaks Plum & Yupen Circle Wheat Ridge & i Union Valley & Robinson 1 Robinson Bishopton & Robinson Union Valley & Lethbridge Glastonbury & ; Robinson Regal Oaks & E Broadway Patricia & E Broadway County Club & E Broadway Country Club & Golf Crest Golf Crest & KilKenny Golf Crest & Green Tee Yost & Sleepy Hollow Taylor & Sleepy Hollow Creek Ridge & McGinnis Sleepy Hollow & Rip Van Winkle Washington Irving & 1 Dixie Hollow & N. Rip Van Winkle ` Dixie Farm i Sleepy Hollow & Elm Hollow Wood Creek & I Wood Creek & Washington Irving € Winding Creek Mykawa & Clear Creek Bridge Mykawa & Knapp Rd. Crain & Washington Irving 3 Hamm & Lazy Creek Ryan Acres City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 87 Page 101 of 210 When building new state roads or upgrading existing roads, TxDOT considers the NFIP's floodplain and floodway requirements to evaluate the impact of new and replacement structures. The City similarly considers floodplain and floodway impacts in its planning and design for City roads. Developers must satisfy the City's drainage criteria and other aspects of road designs in order for the City to accept ownership. Specific to reducing flood risks, the low chord of any new bridges must be at least one -foot above the Base Flood Elevation. Replacing roads and bridges damaged or washed out by floods costs millions of dollars each year. If the damage is caused by a Presidentially -declared disaster, FEMA historically reimburses to 75% of the repair or replacement costs, with the remaining 25% covered by the state and local governments. The full costs of a damaging event that is not declared a major disaster must be borne by the state and local communities. TxDOT inspects state bridges every two years for structural integrity and to determine if erosion is a risk. Where erosion has been identified, stabilization measures have been put into place. Flood Risks — Local Drainage Many areas and streets experience accumulations of rainfall that are slow to drain, which may cause disruption of normal traffic, soil erosion, and water quality problems. Local drainage problems contribute to the frequency of flooding, increase ditch maintenance costs, and are perceived to adversely affect the quality of life in some neighborhoods. Many areas prone to shallow, local drainage flooding are not shown on the City or County's Flood Insurance Rate Maps. One measure of the magnitude of this problem is the number of flood insurance policies in -force on buildings that are outside of the mapped floodplain (nearly 2000). Localized flooding throughout some subdivisions in Pearland is a persistent problem, common even during the frequent rainstorms experienced in the planning area. It is a concern because access for emergency services (fire, emergency medical) can be impeded. While the depth of water generally is relatively shallow, a number of homes have been flooded repetitively and are identified by FEMA as repetitive loss properties. Vulnerability Properties identified as Repetitive or Severe Repetitive Loss properties are considered vulnerabilities due to the fact that they are documented structures that are repeatedly impacted by flooding hazards. This data is especially important due to the fact that this data may, at times, identify structures that suffer from localized flooding outside of the designated Special Flood Hazard Area. As mentioned above, homeowners living in RL or SRL properties are vulnerable as well as critical infrastructure including buildings, facilities, roads and drainage systems. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 88 Page 102 of 210 Hail UPDATE FROM LAST PLAN • Included Hail as it was not in the last plan • In addition, this section was formatted to explicitly address: Location, Previous Occurrence, Future Occurrence (Probability), and Extent. Also explicitly addressed are impact and vulnerability summary. Hazard Description Hailstorm events are a potentially damaging outgrowth of severe thunderstorms. During the development stages of a hailstorm, ice crystals form within a low pressure front due to the rapid rising of warm air into the upper atmosphere, and the subsequent cooling of the air mass. Frozen droplets gradually accumulate into ice crystals until they fall as precipitation that is round or irregularly shaped mases of ice typically greater than 0.75 inches in diameter. The size of hailstones is a direct result of the size and severity of the storm. Location — Hail The entire planning area is equally exposed to the hail storm hazard. Hailstorms affect the County equally and uniformly, and every location in the County has been affected by hailstorms at some time in the past. The land area affected by individual hail events is approximately the same as that of a parent thunderstorm, an average of 15 miles in diameter around the center of a storm. Previous Occurrence NCEI provides hazard data by County. Querying the storm events database from 09/01/2000 through 09/30/2018, the database reports that there were 53 hail events reported in Brazoria County. Of those, there are no injuries or deaths reported. The property damage totals $395,000. Sorting the database specifically for Pearland, the table below shows the reported incidents and damages from the NCEI. COUNTY LOCATION BEGIN DATE EVENT TYPE MAGNI- TUDE DEATHS INJURIES DAMAGE PROPERTY DAMAGE CROP BRAZORIA CO. PEARLAND 3/30/2002 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ 5,000.00 $ - BRAZORIA CO. PEARLAND 6/21/2008 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - BRAZORIA CO. PEARLAND 4/4/2012 Hail 1.5 0 0 $ 2,000.00 $ - BRAZORIA CO. PEARLAND 4/16/2015 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - BRAZORIA CO. PEARLAND 5/13/2016 Hail 0.75 0 0 $ - $ - TOTAL 5 .09 Average $ 7,000.00 Future Occurrence Using the historical hazard event data to determine the probability of an event occurring again within a given year, since 2000 Pearland has had 5 reported hail events, therefore there is a probability of 27% event occurring in any given year. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 89 Page 103 of 210 Extent The severity of hailstorms is measured by duration, size of the hail itself, and geographic extent. All of these factors are directly related to the weather phenomena that create the hail, thunderstorms. There is wide potential variation in these severity components. Outside of the coastal regions, most of the United States experiences hailstorms at least two or more days each year. Hailstorm intensity is measured by size of the hail and the potential damage is can cause. NCEI uses the TORRO Hailstorm Intensity Scale (see below). Size codes used are in the second table. Reviewing the historical information about previous intensity categories, the planning area could see an intensity category from HO — H3. H0 Intensity Category Hard Hail Typical Hail Diameter (mm)* 5 Probable Kinetic Energy, J- m2 Typical Damage Impacts 0-20 No damage H1 Potentially Damaging 5-15 >20 Slight general damage to plants, crops H2 Significant 10-20 >100 Significant damage to fruit, crops, vegetation H3 Severe 20-30 >300 Severe damage to fruit and crops, damage to glass and plastic structures, paint and wood scored H4 Severe 25-40 >500 Widespread glass damage, vehicle bodywork damage H5 Destructive 30-50 >800 Wholesale destruction of glass, damage to tiled roofs, significant risk of injuries H6 Destructive 40-60 Bodywork of grounded aircraft dented, brick walls pitted H7 Destructive 50-75 Severe roof damage, risk of serious injuries H8 Destructive 60-90 (Severest recorded in the British Isles) Severe damage to aircraft bodywork H9 Super Hailstorms 75-100 Extensive structural damage. Risk of severe or even fatal injuries to persons caught in the open 1110 Super Hailstorms >100 Extensive structural damage. Risk of severe or even fatal injuries to persons caught in the open Size code Maximum Diameter mm 0 5-9 Description Pea City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 90 Page 104 of 210 Description Mothball Size code 1 Maximum Diameter mm 10-15 2 16-20 Marble, grape 3 21-30 Walnut 4 31-40 Pigeon's egg > squash ball 5 41-50 Golf ball > Pullet's egg 6 51-60 Hen's egg 7 61-75 Tennis ball > cricket ball 8 76-90 Large orange > Soft ball 9 91-100 Grapefruit Impact Based on historical records from the NCEI database the future probability of hail storms in the City Hail storms throughout the County, to include the incorporated areas, will cause minor injuries to persons (due to being hit by hail), dings and dents in automobiles, damage to housing siding, and damage to roof shingles on residential, commercial, and industrial structures. Vulnerability Damage from hail is estimated at approximately 1 billion dollars per year. Much of the damage by hail is to crops. Vehicles, roofs of building and homes, and landscaping are most commonly damaged by hail. Utility systems on roofs at critical facilities would be vulnerable and could be damaged. Hail can cause threat to people as they could be struck by hail or failing trees and branches. Additionally, utility interruption can occur from downed power lines causing an interruption in service to residents and critical infrastructure. This can degrade critical services and impede or eliminate the ability of critical facilities to satisfy demand for service. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 91 Page 105 of 210 Hurricane and Tropical Storm UPDATED FROM LAST PLAN • Events since 2009, were updated and described. • In addition, this section was formatted to explicitly address: Location, Previous Occurrence, Future Occurrence (Probability), and Extent. Also explicitly addressed are Impact and vulnerability summary. Hazard Description - Hurricane and Tropical Storm A hurricane begins as a tropical depression with wind speeds below 39 mph. As it intensifies, it may develop into a tropical storm, with further development producing a hurricane. Hurricane winds blow in a large spiral around a relative calm center known as the "eye." The "eye", the storm's core, is an area of low barometric pressure and is generally 20 to 30 miles wide. The storm may extend outward 100 - 400 miles in diameter. As a hurricane approaches, the skies will begin to darken and winds will grow in strength. As a hurricane nears land, it can bring torrential rains, high winds, storm surges, and severe flooding. A single hurricane can persist for more than 2 weeks over open waters and can run a path across the entire length of the Eastern Seaboard. August and September are peak months during the hurricane season that extends from June 1 through November 30. Location In Pearland, located within close proximity to the Gulf of Mexico, the City is exposed to risk from hurricanes. Due to the widespread effects of hurricane and tropical storms, the entire planning area is affected equally. Figure 19 shows the location of Pearland, indicated by the red arrow, and the paths of the 19 hurricanes and tropical storms that came within 65 Miles of the City (Hurricane Harvey was not included in the NOAA's Historical Hurricane Tracks at the time of this Plan update, however it also impacted the planning area). Figure H-19 Historical Hurricane/Tropical Storm Tracks (Source: NOAA Historical Hurricane Tracks) City of Pearland City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 92 Page 106 of 210 Previous Occurrences The NCEI Storm Events Database is limited to hurricane and tropical storm events from 1998 to 2017 so NOAA's Historical Hurricane Tracks was used, however it only shows data up until 2016. NOAA indicates that between 1842 and 2016 there were 26 hurricanes and 24 tropical storms that impacted the City of Pearland. The NCEI also shows Harvey, which occurred on August 25, 2017. The 20 events since 1950 are shown in the table below. Table 35 Hurricanes and Tropical Storms the City of Pearland 1950 - 2017 Source: NOAA/NCEI Storm Name Date Storm Category (highest recorded point near planning area) Bertha 08/08/1957 — 08/11/1957 Tropical Storm Debra 07/22/1959 — 07/27/1959 H1 Cindy 09/16/1963 — 06/20/1963 H1 Abby 08/05/1964 — 08/08/1964 Tropical Storm Felice 09/12/1970 — 09/17/1970 Tropical Storm Delia 09/01/1973 — 09/07/1973 Tropical Storm Elena 08/30/1979 — 09/02/1979 Tropical Storm Danielle 09/04/1980 — 09/07/1980 Tropical Storm Alicia 08/15/1983 — 08/21/1983 H3 Unnamed 1987 08/09/1987 — 08/17/1987 Tropical Storm Allison 06/24/1989 — 07/01/1989 Tropical Storm Chantal 07/30/1989 — 08/03/1989 H1 Jerry 10/12/1989 —10/16/1989 H1 Dean 07/28/1995 — 08/02/1995 Tropical Storm Allison 06/05/2001— 06/19/2001 Tropical Storm Grace 08/30/2003 — 09/02/2003 Tropical Storm Humberto 09/12/2007 — 09/14/2007 H1 Edouard 08/03/2008 — 08/06/2008 Tropical Storm Ike 09/01/2008 — 09/15/2008 H2 Harvey 08/25/2017 — 08/30/2017 Tropical Storm Significant Historic Events Unnamed Hurricane of 1900 (09/05/1900 - 09/15/1900, Category 4): The Hurricane of 1900 made landfall near Galveston on September 8, 1900 as a Category 4 hurricane with estimated winds of 145 mph. This was the deadliest and one of the costliest storms in U.S. history. Approximately 8,000 fatalities occurred. There is no record of fatalities in the Pearland. Unnamed Hurricane of 1915 (08/17/1915 — 08/20/1915, Category 4): The Hurricane of 1915 made landfall near Galveston, following a similar path to the unnamed hurricane of 1900. In City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 93 Page 107 of 210 Houston, there were 80 mph winds and heavy rainfall and nearly $1 Million in damages. There is no record of fatalities, injuries or damages in Pearland. Hurricane Alicia (08/15/1983 - 08/21/1983, Category 3): Hurricane Alicia made landfall approximately 25 miles southwest of Galveston, Texas as a Category 3 hurricane with winds of 115 mph. Throughout the State, Hurricane Alicia caused 21 fatalities, produced 23 tornadoes (in the Houston Galveston area), and over $2 billion in damages. There is no specific record of damage in Pearland. Tropical Storm Allison (06/06/2001 — 06/09/2001): Tropical Storm Allison made landfall to the West of Galveston Island. Over the next five days, Allison produced record rainfall that led to devastating flooding across Southeast Texas, including Brazoria County. In Pearland, hundreds of residences were flooded, high winds and wind driven rain caused water intrusion at the Green Tee Number 1 wastewater -lift station. Hurricane Ike (09/12/2008 — 09/13/2008): Hurricane Ike made landfall as a Category 2 Hurricane with a storm surge of 7 to 10 feet in Brazoria County and caused an estimated $700 Million in damage within Brazoria County. In Pearland, Ike damaged approximately two thousand homes and businesses and created citywide power outages. High winds associated with Hurricane Ike damaged approximately 12 public buildings, 44 city vehicles (mainly blown out windows), and destroyed 908 City street signs (an additional 694 straightened). In addition, the storm left widespread debris on public roadways. Tropical Storm Harvey (08/25/2017 — 08/30/2017): Harvey made landfall as a category 4 Hurricane near Rockport, Texas on the evening of August 25th. The storm then weakened and slowed, looping back and tracking over SE Texas. Slow moving Tropical Storm Harvey produced torrential rains and catastrophic flooding in Brazoria County, causing an estimated $2 Billion in damages. Several tornadoes touched down. Major to record flooding occurred along the Brazos and San Bernard Rivers and several other creeks and tributaries including Oyster Creek. Flooding in Pearland is attributed to Clear Creek, Mary's Creek, Cowart Creek and Hickory Slough. In Pearland, there were 1,674 homes that experienced flood damage and 450 substantial damage letters were forwarded to residents that potentially incurred more than 50% damage to their homes and met the substantial damage definition. Approximately 36 miles of roads were inundated with flood water over extended period between 24 to 96 hours following the storm. Approximately 27 City of Pearland buildings were damaged by Hurricane Harvey, mostly related to floodwater intrusion and rain that entered subsequent to damage and resulted in water damage to walls, ceiling tiles, roof membranes, building contents, and floors. Damage assessments and repair estimates are ongoing and consequently there are no definitive damage estimates as of this plan update. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 94 Page 108 of 210 The following Pearland utilities were damaged as a result of Hurricane Harvey, and will require repair and/or replacement of various pumps, mechanical features and other machinery in use at these locations: • Longwood Waste -Water Treatment Plant • Liberty Wellwater Production Plant • Barry Rose Waste -Water Treatment Plant • Bellavita Lift Station • Clear Creek Lift Station • Scott & Mykawa Road Lift Station • Garden Road Lift Station Future Probability Because the effects of hurricanes and tropical storms are regional in nature, the events that impacted Brazoria County are assumed to have impacted the City of Pearland as well. The City of Pearland has experienced 51 hurricane and tropical storm events between 1842 and 2017. With 51 events reported over 175 years, a hurricane or tropical storm occurs approximately every three and a half years on average. Therefore, there is a 29% chance of a hurricane or tropical storm event affecting the planning area in any given year. Extent The Tables below identify the criteria for each stage of development. The Saffir / Simpson Hurricane Scale is used to classify storms by numbered categories. Hurricanes are classified as Categories 1 through 5 based on central pressure, wind speed, and damage potential. The City of Pearland can expect to experience a storm ranging from a tropical depression to a category 5 hurricane in the planning area. Table 36 Classification of Tro • ical C clones Stage of Development Criteria Tropical Depression (development) Maximum sustained surface wind speed is < 39 mph Tropical Storm Hurricane 'T ropical Depression (dissipation) Maximum sustained wind speed ranges 39 - <74 mph Maximum sustained surface wind speed 74 mph+ Decaying stages of a cyclone in which maximum sustained surface wind speed has dropped below 39 mph City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 95 Page 109 of 210 Table 37 Saffir/Sim son Hurricane Scale Storm Central Pressure Sustained Winds Category > 980 mbar 965 — 979 mbar 945 — 964 mbar 920 — 944 mbar 74 - 95 mph 96 - 110 mph 1 1 1 — 130 mph 5 I < 920 mbar I > 155 mph Potential Damage Moderate Extensive Extreme Catastrophic Hurricane and Tropical Storm Impact In Pearland, hurricanes as severe as Category 4 have been experienced in the planning area. The type of impacts that can be expected are hurricane -force winds which drive rain into buildings causing water damage, downed trees, debris -blocked roads, disabled power lines, roof and mobile home damage. Hurricanes and tropical storms also bring heavy rains which have caused nearby creeks to exceed their capacity, inundating the surrounding area. The City can expect to see tropical storms and hurricanes as severe as Category 4 causing extreme and even catastrophic damage in some cases. Vulnerability Severe hurricanes and tropical storms have flooded thousands of homes, closed and damaged many roads throughout the City and damaged City buildings and equipment. In order to mitigate the flood risk, the City requires 12 inches of freeboard above the standard Base Flood Elevation. Several different areas within the City remain cause for concern among City and County officials. Flooded roads and debris accumulation from downed trees and damaged structures can impede emergency responders and hinder their timely response to calls for assistance. Additionally, utility interruption can occur from downed power lines causing an interruption in service to residents and critical infrastructure. This could degrade critical services and reduce or eliminate the ability of critical infrastructure to meet demand for service. The northeastern portion of the City has the most Repetitive Loss properties and frequently experiences street flooding. Another concern is the fact that 12 City buildings were damaged during Hurricane Ike and 27 were damaged during Hurricane Harvey. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 96 Page 110 of 210 Lightning UPDATE FROM LAST PLAN • Included lightning as it was not in the last plan • In addition, this section was formatted to explicitly address: Location, Previous Occurrence, Future Occurrence (Probability), and Extent. Also explicitly addressed are impact and vulnerability summary. Hazard Description Lightning is a discharge of electrical energy resulting from the buildup of positive and negative charges within a thunderstorm, creating a "bolt" when the buildup of charges becomes strong enough. This flash of light usually occurs within the clouds or between the clouds and the ground. A bolt of lightning can reach temperatures approaching 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit. Lightning rapidly heats the sky as it flashes but the surrounding air cools following the bolt. This rapid heating and cooling of the surrounding air causes the thunder which often accompanies lightning strikes. While most often affiliated with severe thunderstorms, lightning often strikes outside of heavy rain and might occur as far as 10 miles away from any rainfall. According to FEMA, an average of 300 people are injured and 80 people are killed in the United States each year from lightning. Location — Lightning Lightning can strike in any geographic location in Pearland, therefore it is assumed that the entire City of Pearland is uniformly exposed to the threat of lightning. Previous Occurrence While there are no City recorded injuries or deaths as a result of lightning in Pearland, Brazoria County has reported two deaths in the last twenty years. The table below shows the reported incidents and damages from the NCEI for Pearland from 09/01/2000 through 09/30/2018. While there are only four reported incident, it is believed these are reported because of the recorded property damage. However, lightning occurs every year in Pearland. COUNTY LOCATION BEGIN DATE EVENT TYPE MAGNI- TUDE DEATHS INJURIES DAMAGE PROPERTY DAMAGE CROP BRAZORIA CO. PEARLAND 3/6/2008 Lightning 0 0 $ 12,000.00 0 BRAZORIA CO. PEARLAND 4/26/2008 Lightning 0 0 $ 8,000.00 0 BRAZORIA CO. PEARLAND 4/17/2014 lightning 0 0 $ 10,000.00 0 BRAZORIACO. PEARLAND 9/21/2017 Lightning 0 0 $ 2,000.00 0 TOTAL 4 $ 32,000.00 Future Occurrence Using the historical hazard event data to determine the probability of an event occurring again within a given year, since 2000 Pearland has had 4 reported significant lightning events, suggesting a 22% change of a significant event. However, if using the calculation that an event occurs every year, there is a probability of .05 event occurring in any given year. Extent City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 97 Page 111 of 210 According to NOAA, the average number of cloud to ground flashes for the State of Texas between 2008 and 2017 was 11.3 flashes per square mile. Vaisala, a company that monitors total lightning across the United States providing reliable and accurate lightning information suggests that the planning area shows a range of six to twelve flashes per square mile per year. In addition to flashes, the extent for lightning can be measured by the number of strikes in an interval. NOAA uses Lightning Activity Levels (LALs) on a scale from 1-6, see the NOAA LAL table below for definitions: LAL Cloud & Storm Development Lightning Strikes/15 min 1 No thunderstorms. - 2 Cumulus clouds are common but only a few reach the towering cumulus stage. A single thunderstorm must be confirmed in the observation area. The clouds produce mainly virga, but light rain will occasionally reach the ground. Lightning is very infrequent. 1-8 3 Towering cumulus covers less than two -tenths of the sky. Thunderstorms are few, but two to three must occur within the observation area. Light to moderate rain will reach the ground, and lightning is infrequent. 9-15 4 Towering cumulus covers two to three -tenths of the sky. Thunderstorms are scattered and more than three must occur within the observation area. Moderate rain is common and lightning is frequent. 16-25 5 Towering cumulus and thunderstorms are numerous. They cover more than three -tenths and occasionally obscure the sky. Rain is moderate to ,heavy and lightning is frequent and intense. >25 6 Similar to LAL 3 except thunderstorms are dry. Impact NCEI does not include the LAL for historical events, therefore to determine the extent of the lightning strike, the yearly average range of estimated number of lightning strikes within the planning area and a cloud to ground flashes of six to twelve per square mile (further broken down 4,248 to 8,496 flashes per year) divided by the number of events that occur annually, the planning area should expect an average range of eleven to twenty-two lighting strikes within 15 minutes indicating lightning strikes have an average LAL range of 2-4. Vulnerability Pearland has an early warning capability. City leadership, staff and many residents rely on official weather forecasts issued by the National Weather Service (NWS) office in League City, Texas. The City also subscribes to a commercial weather service that sends weather updates and alerts to Emergency Services, including the Police and Fire Departments. Emergency Management staff routinely monitor the weather forecast and circulate NWS warnings and advisories to alert leadership and staff of hazardous weather. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 98 Page 112 of 210 • Everbridge Alerts: Residents get connected through text messages, emails, and phone calls, as well as tailored messaging for every member of the family. Everbridge is also used for mass communications and allows public alerting via geo-addressing with listed telephone numbers and can also alert specific communities, blocks or the entire City; • Pearland Connect: The City prepares a monthly newsletter for residents to stay informed of important information and developments affecting the City and its citizens; • New releases: Residents can subscribe to receive the latest news and information released by the City; and • Connect2Pearland: Allows residents with mobile phones to report issues, track progress of issues, view other requests in their area and when profile information is provided, allows residents to receive email updates when issues are addressed. However, since lightning can occur throughout the City, the direct and indirect losses associated with this hazard could include injury, loss of life, damage to structures and infrastructures and electrical and communication tower failures. Additionally, utility interruption can occur from downed power lines causing an interruption in service to residents and critical infrastructure. This can degrade critical services and impede or eliminate the ability of critical facilities to satisfy demand for service. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 99 Page 113 of 210 Severe Thunderstorm High Wind UPDATED FROM LAST PLAN • Events since 2009, were updated and described. • In addition, this section was formatted to explicitly address: Location, Previous Occurrence, Future Occurrence (Probability), and Extent. Also explicitly addressed are Impact and vulnerability summary. Hazard Description Thunderstorms are the by-products of atmospheric instability, which promotes vigorous rising of warm air. A typical thunderstorm may cover an area three miles wide. The National Weather Service (NWS) considers a thunderstorm "severe" if it produces tornadoes, hail of 0.75 inches or more in diameter, or winds of 58 miles per hour (50 Knots) or more. Structural wind damage may imply the occurrence of a severe thunderstorm. Thunderstorms/High winds affect the entire planning area. Location - Severe Thunderstorm High Wind Figure H-21 shows the "3-Second Gust Design Wind Speed" map from the Texas Department of Insurance. This map is used to design buildings to withstand reasonably anticipated winds in order to minimize property damage. The City falls within the area designated as "Inland II", where buildings need to be built to withstand 3-second gusts of 110 miles per hour. The building code administered by the City requires all new construction to be designed and constructed for 110 miles per hour wind loads. The high wind hazard could be experienced anywhere within the City and affects the entire planning area. Figure H-21- 3-Second Gust Design Wind Speed (Source: http://www.tdi.texas.gov/wind/maps/brazoria.html#map) Inland II Inland I Seaward City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 100 Page 114 of 210 INLAND II, 110 mph 3-second gust design wind speed Previous Occurrences The NCEI Storm Events Database only categorizes Thunderstorm events prior to 1993 by County, however, it has narratives and location maps describing the impacts of those events. The NCEI indicates that between 1950 and 2017 there were 10 Severe Thunderstorm High Wind events that impacted the City of Pearland. For these events, the NCEI database reported no fatalities or injuries and a total of $164,000 in damages. Table 38 summarizes the ten events that have occurred in the City of Pearland, including two that occurred since the last version of this Plan. Table 38 Severe Thunderstorm High Wind Events within the City of Pearland 1950 - 2017 (Source: NOAA/NCEI Location _ . Date Knots Deaths Injuries __ Property Damage PEARLAND 05/02/1978 63 0 0 $0 PEARLAND 06/30/1992 54 0 0 $0 PEARLAND 06/17/1997 58 0 0 $0 PEARLAND 10/04/2004 52 0 0 $0 COUNTYWIDE 05/08/2005 52 0 0 $5,000* PEARLAND 05/29/2005 58 0 0 $23,000 PEARLAND 6/21/2008 52 0 0 $0 PEARLAND 08/12/2009 50 0 0 $1,000 PEARLAND 01/25/2012 61 0 0 $35,000 PEARLAND 08/16/2013 61 0 0 $100,000 $164,000 *Countywide damages are estimated at $87,000, however, the only damages reported in Pearland was a downed fence. The five events in the City of Pearland in which damage occurred are as follows. A May 8, 2005 thunderstorm damaged various parts of the county but damage reported in Pearland was limited to a downed fence. A second event on May 29, 2005 damaged eight mobile homes and displaced them off of their foundations. In addition, five cars sustained windshield damage. The third event on August 12, 2009 scattered tree limbs, causing $1,000 in damages. The fourth event on January 25, 2012 downed power lines, power poles were left leaning, fences were blown down, and there was sporadic tree damage. Approximately twenty homes and five businesses sustained limited siding and roof damage. The final damaging event occurred on August 16, 2013 and downed hundreds of trees, numerous power poles, and a significant number of fences in the Pearland area between Highway 35 and Highway 288. Future Probability The City of Pearland has experienced ten severe thunderstorm and high wind events between 1950 and 2017, causing an estimated $164,000 in property damage. Calculations involving ten events reported over 67 years, suggest a severe thunderstorm and high wind event occurs City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 101 Page 115 of 210 approximately every six and a half years on average. Consequently, there is a 15% chance of a severe thunderstorm and high wind event in any given year. Extent The most widely accepted descriptive wind scale is the Beaufort Wind Scale shown in Table 39. The table below described the force of the storm and the wind speed, classification and appearance that is associated with each wind force. In the planning area Pearland can expect to experience wind events ranging from light winds to hurricane force winds. Table 39 Beaufort Wind Scale Source: NOAA Force Wind WMO (Knots) Classification Appearance of Wind Effects On the Water On Land 0 Less than I Calm Sea surface smooth and mirror-like Calm, smoke rises vertically 1 1-3 Light Air Scaly ripples, no foam crests Smoke drift indicates wind direction, still wind vanes 2 4-6 Light Breeze Small wavelets, crests glassy, no breaking Wind felt on face, leaves rustle, vanes begin to move 3 7-10 Gentle Breeze Large wavelets, crests begin to break, scattered whitecaps Leaves and small twigs constantly moving, light flags extended 4 11-16 Moderate Breeze Small waves 1-4 ft. becoming longer, numerous whitecaps Dust, leaves, and loose paper lifted, small tree branches move 5 17-21 Fresh Breeze Moderate waves 4-8 ft. taking longer form, many whitecaps, some spray Small trees in leaf begin to sway 6 22-27 Strong Breeze Larger waves 8-13 ft., whitecaps common, more spray Larger tree branches moving, whistling in wires 7 28-33 Near Gale Sea heaps up, waves 13-19 ft., white foam streaks off breakers Whole trees moving, resistance felt walking against wind 8 34-40 Gale Moderately high (18-25 ft.) waves of greater length, edges of crests begin to break into spindrift, foam blown in streaks Twigs breaking off trees, generally impedes progress 9 41-47 Strong Gale High waves (23-32 ft.), sea begins to roll, dense streaks of Slight structural damage occurs, slate blows off City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 102 Page 116 of 210 foam, spray may reduce visibility roofs 10 48-55 Storm Very high waves (29-41 ft.) with overhanging crests, sea white with densely blown foam, heavy rolling, lowered visibility Seldom experienced on land, trees broken or uprooted, "considerable structural damage" 11 56-63 Violent Storm Exceptionally high (37-52 ft.) waves, foam patches cover sea, visibility more reduced 12 64+ Hurricane Air filled with foam, waves over 45 ft., sea completely white with driving spray, visibility greatly reduced Impact In Pearland, most wind damage has been limited to downed trees, debris -blocked roads, and disabled power lines with the occasional roof and mobile home damage. The City of Pearland has experienced severe thunderstorms and high winds up to 63 Knots. However, winds up to 73 Knots have been experienced nearby within the County and similar events could affect Pearland in the future. The type of impacts that can be expected are associated with the magnitudes from the Beaufort Wind Scale, which indicate storms as severe as a "Hurricane force wind" extent, involving trees being broken or uprooted along with considerable structural damage. Vulnerability According to the NCEI, there have been ten severe thunderstorm and high wind events within the City of Pearland. Mobile and manufactured homes are most susceptible to high wind damage as they are easily displaced or overturned in high wind. City records indicate there are 483 mobile and manufactured homes within its jurisdiction, comprising approximately 1.1% of buildings in the City. The City maintains an Emergency Management Plan (EMP) - Version 2.0 that was last reviewed and updated in September, 2017. The City EMP is again undergoing review and refinement as of this plan update. In addition to the mitigation actions set forth in this plan, the City prepares and mitigates hazard consequences via training and exercises conducted on a regular basis. Pearland also has early warning capability. City leadership, staff and many residents rely on official weather forecasts issued by the National Weather Service (NWS) office in League City, Texas. The City also subscribes to a commercial weather service that sends weather updates and alerts to Emergency Services, including the Police and Fire Departments. Emergency Management staff routinely monitor the weather forecast and circulate NWS warnings and advisories to alert leadership and staff of hazardous weather. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 103 Page 117 of 210 • Everbridge Alerts: Residents get connected through text messages, emails, and phone calls, as well as tailored messaging for every member of the family. Everbridge is also used for mass communications and allows public alerting via geo-addressing with listed telephone numbers and can also alert specific communities, blocks or the entire City; • Pearland Connect: The City prepares a monthly newsletter for residents to stay informed of important information and developments affecting the City and its citizens; • New releases: Residents can subscribe to receive the latest news and information released by the City; and • Connect2Pearland: Allows residents with mobile phones to report issues, track progress of issues, view other requests in their area and when profile information is provided, allows residents to receive email updates when issues are addressed. The debris accumulation from downed trees and damaged structures that are associated with a high wind events can impact roads and impede emergency responders, hindering their ability to respond to calls for assistance. Additionally, utility interruption can occur from downed power lines causing an interruption in service to residents and critical infrastructure. This can degrade critical services and impede or eliminate the ability of critical facilities to satisfy demand for service. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 104 Page 118 of 210 Subsidence UPDATE FROM LAST PLAN • Moved Subsidence from flooding to be an independent profiled hazard. • Removed information from the Brazoria FIS and replaced it with the Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District (BCGCD) • Events since 2009, were updated and described. • In addition, this section was formatted to explicitly address: Location, Previous Occurrence, Future Occurrence (Probability), and Extent. Also explicitly addressed are impact and vulnerability summary. Hazard Description Subsidence is the sinking of the land surface in an area. It is caused by different factors in different parts of the world, but the primary cause is the loss of subsurface support, which results in collapse or reduced elevation at the surface. Subsidence is similar to sinkholes (sinkholes are a form of localized subsidence) however, it affects a larger area. Subsidence is most common in two specific types of geographic areas: karst areas and ground depletion areas. Karst areas are particularly vulnerable to subsidence due to the dissolution of underlying soluble rocks by surface or ground water and is found in specific regions. There are no Karst areas in the planning area. Groundwater depletion areas are vulnerable to subsidence because the depletion of groundwater can compromise subsurface support and can be found in the planning area. Location — Subsidence The City of Pearland 2015 Comprehensive Report notes; "Historic reliance on groundwater supplies in the area has caused subsidence in the Gulf Coast Aquifer. Pearland is in a district that is being encouraged, but not yet required to transition from groundwater to surface water to help alleviate the subsidence of the Gulf Coast Aquifer". The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) studies groundwater depletion and the City is located in groundwater depletion area found in the Gulf Coast Aquifer. Figure H-22 depicts groundwater depletion within the U.S. from 1900-2008 based on long-term depletion rates calculated from 40 separate aquifers measuring loss over time. The Gulf Coast Aquifer, on which has historically provided a water source for the City of Pearland, is estimated to have had a cumulative annual depletion of 25-50 cubic km over 108 years. Figure H-22 depicts groundwater depletion throughout the U.S. (Pearland identified by the red arrow). The Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District (BCGCD), a groundwater conservation district responsible for maintaining the quality and availability of groundwater for current and future users in Brazoria County, prepared a Groundwater Management Plan (2012) as required by law. This plan is effective for five years and approved by the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB). The BCGCD collects data to help the County understand the impacts of groundwater depletion. Groundwater reserves in Brazoria County have decreased across nearly 60 percent of the County and depletion is attributed to extraction both in and outside of the City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 105 Page 119 of 210 County. Subsidence caused by groundwater extraction is also a significant concern for neighboring counties, Harris, Fort Bend and Galveston. Continued growth of Brazoria County and the City of Pearland and persistent reliance on groundwater extraction will increase the risk of subsidence. Because ground water depletion occurs throughout the County, it is assumed that the entire City of Pearland could face a potential subsidence risk. The City of Pearland has undertaken several initiatives to mitigate the risk of subsidence. It has, for example, secured 20 MGD Brazos River surface water from the Gulf Coast Water Authority (GCWA) and is moving forward with pilot testing, design, and construction of a pre - sedimentation basin, 10 MGD Surface Water Treatment Plant and associated distribution system. Figure H-22 Groundwater Depletion in the United States (1900-2008) (Source USCG Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5079) Previous Occurrence While there are no significant events or damages recorded in the City of Pearland as a result of subsidence or sink holes, the map in Figure H-23 illustrates that Brazoria County and Pearland have experienced subsidence between 1906 and 2000 and indicates the actual degree of subsidence in Pearland is 3 to 4 feet. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 106 Page 120 of 210 In addition, the Houston -Galveston Subsidence District (HGSD) has a Periodically Active Monitor Site (PAM)-21 located in Pearland that calculates weekly heights. The chart in Figure H-23 captures the subsidence observations from 2003-2017 and indicates there has been a very gradual subsidence throughout the planning area. Fi . ure H-23 Subsidence Observations in Pearland (Source HGSD) Harris -Galveston Subsidence District - PAM 21 0.1 Subsidence Observations 2063 2001 2005 2006 2007 2011 2800 2010 2011 2012 2813 2014 2015 21116 201' • Data Points Retression Line City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 107 Page 121 of 210 f'E. 1-4.AANU Figure H-24 Actual Subsidence in Feet (1906-2000 as recorded by the Harris -Galveston Coastal Subsidence District) Source: Northern Gulf Coast Groundwater Availability Model developed by USGS and 2002 RWPG Pumping Estimates by Regional Water Planning Groups and TWDB. Future Occurrence Figure H-25 illustrates the projected future subsidence for the County. It estimates the projected subsidence for Pearland on the order of 4 to 5 feet. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 108 Page 122 of 210 Figure H-25 Projected Subsidence in Feet (1906-2020 based on preliminary data) Source: Northem Gulf Coast Groundwater Availability Model developed by USGS and 2002 RWPG Pumping Estimates by Regional Water Planning Groups and TWDB. Extent Subsidence can be calculated by the dimensions (width and depth) in feet of reduced elevation. Based upon the feet per decade map produced by the HCSD (Annual Report 2016) and presented in Figure H-26, the one year average rate of subsidence from 2011-2016 was used. The data shown is in feet per decade and the shaded areas range from-0.1-0.67 ft./decade. An arrow depicts the Pearland area and suggests that the area is subsiding at -0.5 ft./decade. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 109 Page 123 of 210 Figure H-26 HCSD Exhibit No 18: Subsidence rates in feet per Decade (source: 2016 HGSD Annual Groundwater Report) warm tr`.T7w were worm wee% warm trievvr spa, rs� ..e.. •-0.i6� 1`a+E r.. mar .� • o „ .0 :. •C 39 Or • -0■8 - • •033 %•0.4•-032 0 • • D•a 3001 tal.. 0t3 • •• • Cit M.3I' • ... i 0. -0Oa _..r 0`,■ i 0' a • •05 k+w�A�-0 0� •-Y -001 • i 1 11 • SOS / • •05)a'409 .. 7 _.; J •-003 -0 ■? 0a, • • 3 • • l J} Oaterm C 0: • .Y •-0 _ d .... ! r yiq ,\ 1• r�,.��•. Feet per decade 9o+oe��i l HEP£. Oeip...e 1^,e,noE.,oe•r.e,-: F cm: . tW C*N Gecease K•d.afes Nl. **wee Sway Eon J •pen. MET I. Earn Gnnr Hong •_•... .._ 1,•e /Wa, o Og ner•.VYF combater.. mend !ha O0S uw CaTe•Lerly Impact Subsidence can result in structural damage to buildings, roadways and well castings. It is important to note that any area within the groundwater depletion zone could have structures or infrastructure located in it and since the planning area is located entirely within the depletion zone, the entire planning area is at risk of subsidence. For this reason, it is not possible to forecast specific areas of the city that may impacted from future subsidence. In addition to building and infrastructure damage, subsidence can cause loss of wetlands and subaquatic vegetation. Flooding can increase as a result of the lowered efficiency of storm drainage facilities. Vulnerability Research and mitigation efforts related to subsidence are led by the Brazoria County Groundwater Conservation District (BCGCD). BCGCD works closely with the communities within the County, as well as with the other conservation and groundwater districts and neighboring counties to quantify groundwater depletion and explore promising risk mitigation and water supply and conservation initiatives. As Pearland continues to grow and remains City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 110 Page 124 of 210 reliant on groundwater for water supply, the City and surrounding area remains at risk of continued subsidence and associated potential damages. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 111 Page 125 of 210 Tornadoes UPDATE FROM LAST PLAN • Events since 2009, were updated and described. • In addition, this section was formatted to explicitly address: Location, Previous Occurrence, Future Occurrence (Probability), and Extent. Also explicitly addressed are Impact and vulnerability summary. Hazard Description The National Weather Service defines a tornado as a violently rotating column of air in contact with the ground and extending from the base of a thunderstorm. Tornadoes can form any time of the year; but the season of greatest activity extends from March to August. Location - Tornadoes Figure H-27 illustrates the frequency of tornado strikes in Texas per 1,000 square miles, the arrow denotes the approximate location of Pearland, which falls within the zone for 1-5 tornadoes in a 1,000 square mile per the NOAA Prediction Center Map. With an average of 153 tornadoes touching down each year, Texas is considered the U.S. "tornado capital." While tornadoes can occur in any month in Texas and at all hours of the day or night, they occur with greatest frequency during the late spring and early summer months, during late afternoon and early evening hours. There is some potential for the full range of tornadoes (from EF-0 to EF5) to impact most areas of Texas, including Pearland, although events at the lesser end of the scale are much more likely. Northern Texas is most vulnerable, but the area around Pearland experiences considerable activity. The tornado hazard affects the entire planning area approximately equally. All structures in the City are vulnerable to the effects of tornadoes (particularly tornadoes at the more intense end of the Enhanced Fujita scale). However, highly - engineered commercial (and other non-residential) structures are typically less vulnerable to the effects of tornadoes than are residential structures, with some exceptions. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 112 Page 126 of 210 f'E Af4...Aw13 Figure H-27 - Tornado Activity in Texas (Source: NOAA — Storm Prediction Center) NOAA Tornado Zones County boundaries Tornado Zones 1 Less than 1 Tornado pet 1000 sq miles 2 1 to 5 Tornados per 1000 sq miles 3 6 to10 Tornados per 1000 sq miles 4 11 to 15 Tornados per 1000 sq miles IN 5 15 Tornados per 1000 sq miles 0 100 200 300 Mika Previous Occurrences The NCEI Storm Events Database only categorizes tornado events prior to 1993 by County, however, it has narratives and location maps describing the impacts of those events. The NCEI indicates that between 1950 and 2017, Brazoria County experienced 12 tornados. However, looking at the narratives, there were five tornado events that impacted the City of Pearland. For these events, the NCEI database reported no fatalities or injuries and a total of $290,000 in damages. Table 38 summarizes the five tornadoes that have occurred in the City of Pearland, including two tornadoes that occurred since the last version of this Plan. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 113 Page 127 of 210 JI.ARL ND Table 38 Tornadoes within the City of Pearland 1950 - 2017 Source: NOAA/NCEI Location Date Mag Deaths Injuries Property Damage PEARLAND 08/18/1983 FO 0 0 $0 PEARLAND 11/21/1992 F1 0 0 $250,000 PEARLAND 02/25/1993 FO 0 0 $5,000 PEARLAND 01/25/2012 EFO 0 0 $15,000 PEARLAND 10/24/2015 EFO 0 0 $20,000 $290,000 The first tornado on record that occurred in Pearland was on August 18, 1983. This was a small tornado that was observed as it briefly touched down near Pearland. No damage was indicated. The second tornado occurred on November 21, 1992. This tornado touched down just south of the Harris County line and caused roof damage to a half dozen homes in the northern section of Pearland, totaling to approximately $250,000 in damages. The third event occurred on February 25, 1993 near South Downs grade school and Highway 288. The tornado caused an estimated $5,000 in damages. The fourth tornado occurred on January 25, 2012. This tornado touched down near the intersection of Highway 35 and Plum Street in Pearland. A gas station had its awning destroyed and a business to the south of Plum Street had its roof peeled back, causing an estimated $15,000 in property damage. The most recent reported event occurred on October 24, 2015. This tornado damaged the metal roof of a large business south of Beltway 8 west of Cullen Blvd. The damage path extended north of Beltway 8, into the Brunswick Place subdivision. Future Probability The City of Pearland has experienced five tornadoes between 1950 and 2017, causing an estimated $290,000 in property damage. These five tornado events were assessed as EFO tornadoes, with one assessed as an F 1. Calculations based on five events reported over 67 years suggest the City of Pearland experiences a tornado event approximately every 13 years, on average. Therefore, there is a 7.5% chance of a tornado event in any given year. Extent Tornado damage severity is measured by the Enhanced Fujita Tornado Scale (EF-Scale). The Enhanced Fujita Scale assigns numerical values based on wind speed and categorizes tornadoes from zero to five representing increasing degrees of damage. Tornadoes are related to larger vortex formations, and therefore often form in convective cells such as thunderstorms or in the right forward quadrant of a hurricane or tropical storm, far from the hurricane eye. Table 39 describes the categories for the Enhanced Fujita Tornado Scale. Pearland can expect to experience a tornado ranging from EFO to EF5 in the planning area. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 114 Page 128 of 210 Table 39 - The Enhanced Fuiita (EF l Scale Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale Enhanced Fujita Category Wind Speed (mph) Potential Damage EFO 65-85 Light damage. Peels surface off some roofs; some damage to gutters or siding; branches broken off trees; shallow -rooted trees pushed over. EF1 86-1 10 Moderate damage. Roofs severely stripped; mobile homes overturned or badly damaged; loss of exterior doors; windows and other glass broken. EF2 1 1 1-13 5 Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well -constructed houses; foundations of frame homes shifted; mobile homes completely destroyed; large trees snapped or uprooted; light -object missiles generated; cars lifted off ground. EF3 136-165 Severe damage. Entire stories of well -constructed houses destroyed; severe damage to large buildings such as shopping malls; trains overturned; trees debarked; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown; structures with weak foundations blown away some distance. EF4 166-200 Devastating damage. Well - constructed houses and whole frame houses completely leveled; cars thrown and small missiles generated. EF5 >200 Incredible damage. Strong frame houses leveled off foundations and swept away; automobile -sized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100 m (109 yd.); high-rise buildings have significant structural deformation; incredible phenomena will occur. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 115 Page 129 of 210 Impact In Pearland, most wind damage has been limited to downed trees, blocked roads, and disabled power lines with the occasional roof damage. Historically, the City of Pearland has experienced tornadoes limited to EFO-EF 1 strength. However, tornadoes up to EF3 have been experienced nearby within the County and similar events could affect Pearland in the future. The type of impacts that can be expected are associated with those magnitudes from EFO-EF3 described below: • EFO-Light damage. Peels surface off some roofs; some damage to gutters or siding; branches broken off trees; shallow -rooted trees pushed over. • EF1-Moderate damage. Roofs severely stripped; mobile homes overturned or badly damaged; loss of exterior doors; windows and other glass broken. • EF2-Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well -constructed houses; foundations of frame homes shifted; mobile homes completely destroyed; large trees snapped or uprooted; light -object missiles generated; cars lifted off ground. • EF3-Severe damage. Entire stories of well -constructed houses destroyed; severe damage to large buildings such as shopping malls; trains overturned; trees debarked; heavy cars lifted off the ground and thrown; structures with weak foundations blown away some distance. Vulnerability According to the NCEI, there have been five tornadoes within the City of Pearland, four EFOs and one EF 1. Mobile and manufactured homes are the most susceptible to tornado damage as they can be easily displaced or overturned in high winds. City records indicate there are 483 mobile and manufactured homes, comprising approximately 1.1% of buildings in the City. The Community Risk Reduction Division of the City's Fire Department is responsible for coordinating emergency planning, preparedness and response, under the oversight of a full-time Emergency Management Coordinator. As indicated previously, the City maintains an Emergency Management Plan (EMP) - Version 2.0 that was last reviewed and updated in September, 2017 and is again under review and refinement. In addition to the mitigation actions set forth in this plan, the City also prepares and mitigates hazard consequences through training and exercises conducted on a regular basis. Pearland also has early warning capability. City leadership, staff and many residents rely on official weather forecasts issued by the National Weather Service (NWS) office in League City, Texas. The City also subscribes to a commercial weather service that sends weather updates and alerts to Emergency Services, including the Police and Fire Departments. Emergency Management staff routinely monitor the weather forecast and circulate NWS warnings and advisories to alert leadership and staff of hazardous weather. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 116 Page 130 of 210 • Everbridge Alerts: Residents get connected through text messages, emails, and phone calls, as well as tailored messaging for every member of the family. Everbridge is also used for mass communications and allows public alerting via geo-addressing with listed telephone numbers and can also alert specific communities, blocks or the entire City; • Pearland Connect: The City prepares a monthly newsletter for residents to stay informed of important information and developments affecting the City and its citizens; New releases: Residents can subscribe to receive the latest news and information released by the City; and • Connect2Pearland: Allows residents with mobile phones to report issues, track progress of issues, view other requests in their area and when profile information is provided, allows residents to receive email updates when issues are addressed. The debris accumulation from downed trees and damaged structures that are associated with high wind events can impact roads and impede emergency responders, hindering their ability to respond to calls for assistance. Additionally, utility interruption can occur from downed power lines causing an interruption in service to residents and critical infrastructure. This can degrade critical services and impede or eliminate the ability of critical facilities to satisfy demand for service. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 117 Page 131 of 210 Wildfire UPDATE FROM LAST PLAN • Events since 2009, were updated and described. • No longer called Wildland Fire, updated to Wildfire • In addition, this section was formatted to explicitly address: Location, Previous Occurrence, Future Occurrence (Probability), and Extent. Also explicitly addressed are Impact and vulnerability summary. Hazard Description — Wildfire Wildfires are uncontrolled fires often occurring in wildland areas, and can consume houses or agricultural resources if not contained. Wildfires/urban interface is defined as the area where structures and other human development blend with undeveloped wildland. Wildfires often begin unnoticed, spread quickly, and are usually signaled by dense smoke that may envelope the area for miles around. Wildfires can be human -caused through acts such as arson or careless campfires, or can be caused by natural events such as lightning strike. Wildfires can be categorized into three types: • Wildfires that occur in very rural areas and are fueled primarily by natural vegetation. • Interface that fires occur in areas where structures and other human development blend with undeveloped wildland and homes or other structures become endangered by wildfire. These fires, fueled by both natural vegetation and man-made structures, are often referred to as Wildland Urban Interface fires. • Firestorms occur during extreme heat (e.g. high temperatures, low humidity and high winds) with such intensity that fire suppression is virtually impossible. These events typically burn until the conditions change or the fuel is exhausted. Location Texas, in general, is prone to wildfire due to its arid climate, high temperatures, limited precipitation, drought potential and expanse of wildland. Pearland's increasing population will invariably encroach into areas that are located within the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI). The WUI is described as the area where structures and other human improvements meet and intermingle with undeveloped wildland or vegetative fuels. Population growth within the WUI substantially increases the risk from wildfire. In Texas nearly 85 percent of wildfires occur within two miles of a community. The Texas A&M Forest Service, Texas Wildfire Risk Assessment (TxWRAP) estimates that 54,050 Pearland residents or 48.1 % percent of the total planning area population (112,469) live within the WUI. (Texas Wildfire Risk Assessment Summary Report for Pearland, 2017). WUI is simply a subset of the Where People Live dataset. The primary difference is populated areas surrounded by sufficient non -burnable areas (i.e. interior urban areas) are removed from the Where People Live data set, as these areas are not typically vulnerable to wildfire. While there is little wildland interface in Pearland, Figure H-27, identifies areas of the City vulnerable to wildfires (shaded red). These areas are predominately the less populated and less developed areas of the City. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 118 Page 132 of 210 Figure H-27 - City of Pearland Wildfire Hazard Areas (Source: City of Pearland) •.vrtOOP ♦ v't% VT/. t \ / f r t t yr•` i i `: • ram. . ...pi. i f # /........ ity of Pearland Made Hazma Areas h.'w+Aw w.e NWT• The TxWRAP reports the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) layer reflects housing density. WUI is composed of both interface and intermix communities. In both interface and intermix communities, housing must meet or exceed a minimum density of one structure per 40 acres (16 hs). Intermix communities are places where housing and vegetation intermingle. In intermix, wildland vegetation is continuous, more than 50 percent vegetation, in areas with more than 1 house per 16 hs. Interface communities are areas with housing in the vicinity of contiguous vegetation. Interface areas have more than 1 house per 40 acres, have less than 50 percent vegetation, and are within 1.5 mi of an area (made up of one or more contiguous Census blocks) over 1,325 acres (500 hs) that is more than 75 percent vegetated. The minimum size limit ensures that areas surrounding small urban parks are not classified as interface WUI. While units of the data set are in houses per sq. km., which is consistent with other data such as USFS SILVIS, the data is presented as the number of houses per acre to aid with interpretation and use in Texas). Table 40 depicts the percentage of Pearland population and acres for WUI and the Figure 28 illustrates this on a map. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 119 Page 133 of 210 Table 40 Pearland WUI Population and Acres Housing Density WUI Percent of WUI WUI Acres Percent of WUI Population Population Acres LT lhs/40ac 110 0.2 % 4,759 12.9 % lhs/40ac to lhs/20ac 177 0.3 % 2,934 8.0 lhs/20ac to ihs/l0ac 478 0.9 % 3,956 10.7 1hs/10ac to 1hs/5ac 1,180 2.2 % 4,509 12.2 % lhs/5ac to lhs/2ac 5,866 10.9 % 8,368 22.7 % lhs/2ac to 3hs/lac 33,405 61.8 % 11,343 30.8 % GT 3hs/lac 12,834 23.7 % 983 2.7 % Total 54,050 Figure H-28 - Map of WUI for Pearland ird 40►" .1 1!� Pearland Wildland Urban Interface 1-LT1haf40ac ® 2 - 1 hs140 to 1 hs120 ac ■ 3 - 1 hs/2010 1 hsl10 ac EL 4 . 1 hs110 to I hs15 az ■ 5.1haS1o1ha2ac ■ 6 - 1 hs/210 3 hi/ac ■ 7-GT3hsisc ■ 1 * TI XAS A&M Vlcf bow Villabe Ammo.* Mrwro City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 120 Page 134 of 210 Previous Occurrence One reported previous wildfire event has been reported in Pearland. On February 18, 2018, Pearland Fire Departments responded to a large grass fire off Savannah Parkway. There were no reported structure damages, fatalities or injuries. In the surrounding areas, there was one significant wildfire in Brookside Village, an adjacent municipality, which occurred in June 2011. Pearland's involvement was mutual aid. Future Occurrence Future probability is based in part on historical data. Given that there is only one record with historical building or property damage in Pearland as a result of wildfire, the future probability of a wildfire is negligible. Extent The Texas Wildfire Risk Assessment Portal (TxWRAP) is the primary mechanism for Texas A&M Forest Service (TFS) to deploy wildfire risk information and create awareness about wildfire issues across the State. It is comprised of a suite of applications tailored to support specific workflow and information requirements for the public, local community groups, private landowners, government officials, hazard -mitigation planners, and wildland fire managers. Collectively these applications will provide the baseline information needed to support mitigation and prevention efforts across the State. TxWRAP uses a Characteristic Fire Intensity Scale (CFIS), see Figure H-29. The CFIS determines potential fire intensity based on high to extreme weather conditions, fuels and topography. Figure H-29-Texas Forest Service Characteristic Fire Intensity Scale (CFIS) 2017 Class 1 Very Low Very small, discontinuous flames, usually less than one foot In length; very low rate of spread; no spotting. Fires are typically easy to suppress by firefighters with basic training and non -specialized equipment. Class 2 Low Small flames, usually Tess than two feet long; small amount of very short range spotting possible. Fires are easy to suppress by trained firefighters with protective equipment and specialized tools, Class 3 Moderate Flames up to 8 feet in length; short-range spotting is possible. Trained firefighters will find these fires difficult to suppress without support from aircraft or engines, but dozer and plows are generally effective. Increasing potential for harm or damage to life and property. Chris 4 HI .., large flames, up to 30 feet in length; short-range spotting common; medium range spotting possible. Direct attack by trained firefighters, engines, and dozers is generally ineffective, indirect attack may be effective. Significant potential for harm or damage to life and property. Class 5 Very High — K__,_..,,.-. .__..: , -"; k Very large flames up to ISO feet in length; profuse short-range spotting, frequent long-range spotting. strong fire -induced winds. Indirect attack marginally effective at the head of the fire. Great potential for harm or damage to life and property. The CFIS for the City of Pearland, depicted in Figure H-30, is considered between 2-3-low to moderate on the scale. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 121 Page 135 of 210 Figure H-30 - City of Pearland CFIS levels IF'S ` IA r `;' 4. r.. t• 4 Source: Texas A&M Forest Service) Pna,iwn.i Characteristic f15 ❑ Neniumehb t Ivry tart its ® 2 iteW) Is ws * 'LUST fte: Impact Wildfire could spread and burn property, crops, and structures in areas located closest to the WUI. As indicated by a significant wildfire in Brookside Village, the City of Pearland remains at some risk of wildfire and retains brush fire response capability and assets currently on inventory, for both City protection and response for mutual -aid in neighboring jurisdictions. Vulnerability In Pearland, because there is little urban-wildland interface, there is negligible risk for wildfires. The potential magnitude of wildland fires in Pearland is variable, but generally considered unlikely because the area has relatively little fuel load, and the detection and suppression capabilities of the City are good — typical of a developed urban/suburban area. The potential for major or highly intense fires is very low. Based on a visual assessment of Figure H-29 of the Pearland Wildfire map, somewhere between 5 and 10 percent (4 to 8 square miles +/-) of the total land area in the City is considered to be at some risk of wildland fire. It should be noted, however, that these areas are generally on the fringes of the more developed areas, meaning that the potential for involvement with structures is limited. Absent a detailed study of the areas of close interface, it is not possible to say with any certainty the potential for damage to the built environment. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 122 Page 136 of 210 Community Assets Paramount to analyzing risk is to understand what is at risk. Assets can be described in the following four categories: People, Economy, Built Environment and Natural Environment. Although all assets may be affected by hazards, some assets are more vulnerable because of their physical characteristics or socioeconomic importance to help identify potential vulnerabilities in the Pearland planning area. People: The health, safety, security and general well-being of the citizens of Pearland is of paramount importance to the City. The City focused on areas of dense population, access and functional need populations, children, populations that are dependent on assistance during emergencies and visiting populations. Economy: A thriving economy is also fundamental to the well-being of the City and its residents so considering factors like major employers, primary economic sectors, commercial centers; the loss or degradation of which would impact the community and the interdependence between business and government which is critical to the community's expeditious recovery from disasters. Natural Environment: The City identified critical areas that provide protective benefit or reduce the magnitude of an event and areas that need protection in the event of disaster Built Environment: Per the Brazoria County Appraisal District as of 2017, there are 45,009 total residential housing units and 2,685 commercial buildings located within the jurisdiction of Pearland. The following community assets are considered critical facilities by the City of Pearland. City -Owned Buildings. The City of Pearland owns or leases (L next to structure indicates leased as opposed to owned) 18 buildings and 39 facilities. It also owns many parcels of land in various locations throughout the City (see Table 44 for the list and Figure H-31 for the location). Table 44 Pearland Facilities FACLIZLYMAir AlgilikeitS Animal Services 2002 Old Alvin Road City Hall 3519 Liberty Drive Convention & Visitors Bureau (L) 11200 Broadway Street Suite 1390 Fire Administration Building 2703 Veterans Drive Fire Station No. 1 2020 Old Alvin Road Fire Station No. 2 6050 Fite Road Fire Station No. 3 3207 Yost Boulevard Fire Station No. 4 8333 Freedom Drive City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 123 Page 137 of 210 Fire Station No. 5 3100 Kirby Drive Fire Station No. 6 1511 CR58 Rosharon Municipal Court and Police Department 2555 Cullen Parkway Pearland Economic Development Corporation (L) 11233 Shadow Creek Parkway, Suite 235 Public Works 3501 East Orange Street Stella Roberts Recycling Center (including Keep Pearland Beautiful) 5800 Magnolia Tom Reid Library 3522 Liberty Drive Traffic Operations & Maintenance 2559 Hillhouse Road Westside Event Center 2150 Country Place Parkway Recreation Center and Natatorium 4141 Bailey Road Melvin Knapp Center 2425 Grand Boulevard Public Schools. The Pearland Independent School District owns the City's 27 public schools and buildings. (Figure H-32). There are 4 are High Schools (grade 9-12), 4 are Junior High Schools (grade 7-8), 4 are Middle Schools (grades 5-6) and 11 are Elementary Schools (grades PK-4) and six support facilities (Transportation, Maintenance, Agricultural, West Side Transportation, Education Support and Administration Buildings). While not part of the Pearland ISD, Alvin ISD (9) and Pasadena ISD (1) also have schools in the City. Hospital and Nursing Homes. While not owned or operated by the City, the City nonetheless regards hospitals and nursing homes to be critical facilities, essential to the well-being of City residents. There are 3 hospitals and 12 nursing homes located in Pearland. Wastewater Treatment Plants. The City of Pearland owns and operates five wastewater treatment facilities and associated sewage collection systems and treats 100 percent of wastewater collected. The current permitted total capacity of the plants is 11.55 million gallons per day (MGD). The existing City-wide sanitary sewage system consists of approximately 408 miles of collection lines and 76 sanitary sewerage lift stations. The system relies on gravity to move the wastewater to the treatment facilities. When gravity is insufficient, lift stations are used. Major wastewater system components are described below: Longwood Water —Built in 1965, expanded in 1985, and again in 2000. Flooding from Tropical Storm Allison inundated the surrounding area to a depth of 5-6" but no flooding occurred in the plant and there were no service disruptions. Nonetheless, the City maintains an emergency response plan for this facility. A primary emergency generator provides backup power and a contract is in place with an environmental contractor for emergency response for spills. Liquid Bleach (Chlorine) and Liquid Sodium Bisulfite are stored on -site. The plant reached the limits of its capacity and there are six phases in progress to redirect the flows from the Longwood facility to the Barry Rose and John Hargrove reclamation facilities. Full decommissioning of this facility is scheduled in City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 124 Page 138 of 210 2025. During and after Hurricane Harvey, the facility was offline for four days as it sustained flood damage. While it is currently working, it is undergoing rehabilitation. • John Hargrove Environmental Complex (JHEC) - Southwest Environmental Center (SWEC) will be renamed to John Hargrove Environmental Center with the next permit update. This chemical -free facility, which began service on April 26, 2000, has its own self-contained generator and has experienced no disruption of service. Emergency response is provided under a contract with Gardener environmental. This facility was online during and after Hurricane Harvey. • Barry Rose Water — Built in 1965, this facility was expanded in 1985 and again in 2000. The facility has an emergency response plan and emergency generator power. It has no history of disruption of service. Liquid bleach (Chlorine) and Liquid Sodium Bisulfite are stored on -site. During and after Hurricane Harvey, the facility was offline for three days. While it sustained flood damage, it is now fully operational. • Reflection Bay Water Reclamation Facility, called Far Northwest — This chemical -free plant was brought on-line in July 2003 and is equipped with a self-contained generator and is a chemical -free plant. This facility was online during and after Hurricane Harvey. • Southdown WRF — This plant was acquired back in 2005. This plant has its own self- contained generator and has experienced no disruption of service. Liquid Bleach (Chlorine) is stored on -site. This facility was online during and after Hurricane Harvey. Water Supply Facilities. The City's water supply is derived from three sources. The City owns six water towers and ten water supply wells that provide the majority of the water supplied to City residents and businesses. The City's secondary water supply is purchased from the City of Houston and supplied via two surface water connections. A third source of supply is from raw water from the Gulf Coast Water Authority's American and Briscoe Canal System. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 125 Page 139 of 210 O l Z Jo 0-171, abed 1 J Fort Bond Figure H-31 Map of Pearland Public Facilities MANVEL HOUSTON CITY OF PEARLAND Public Facilities s— • - � •`__ ..--- !,_._ s__ O 0 0 to O x W Galveston N) _•' ' S L`l • City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 126 OIZ ;o 1,171, abed f'EA[:kAND 1- Crleston Elementary 3010 Harkey Rd. 2- Challenger Elementary 9434 Hughes Ranch Rd. 3- Cockrell Elementary 3500 McHard Rd. 4- Harris Elementary 2314 Schleider Dr. 5- Lawhon Elementary 5810 Brookside Rd- 6- Magnolia Elementary 5350 Magnolia St. 7-Massey Ranch Elementary 3900 Manuel Rd Figure H-32 Pearland ISD Map of Facilities Poarlsnd htdapendent School District Facilities 8- Rustk Oak Elementary 1302 Rustic lane 9- Shadynaest Elementary 7405Shadybend 10- Silvercrest Elementary 3003 Southwyck Pkwy 11 - Sflvertake Elementary 2550 County Rd. 90 12. Alexander Middle School 3001 Old Alvin Rd 13- Jandson Middle School 2506 Woody Rd. 14- Rogers Middle School 3121 Manvel Rd. 15- Sablatura Middle School 701 N. Galveston Ave 16- Berry Minn Junior High 3101 Manvel Rd. 17- Pearland Junior High East 2315 Okf Alen Rd 18. Pearland Junior High South 4719 Bailey Rd. 19. Pearland Junior High West 2337 N. Galveston 20- Glenda Dawson High School 2050 Cullen Blvd 21- Pearland High School 3775 South Main St. 22- Robert Tumer High School 4717 Bailey Rd 23-West Side Transportation 7343 Halley Rd 24- PACE Center 2314 Old Alvin art 25. Agricultural Facility 4715 Bailey Rd. 26- Education Support Centre y„ 19Northn St. 27-Maintonante Maintenance 1702 Mykawa 28-Transportation 3202 Plum 5t. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 127 Analyze Risk Once establishment of the hazard areas, extent, impact and probability are complete and community assets identified, analysis can be conducted to identify where community specific vulnerabilities and problem areas exist. In addition to this information, Community Assets were also reviewed. Throughout this process, the City updated its critical infrastructure list to better assess what, exactly, is at risk. Using this information and the most recent experience of Hurricane Harvey, the City ranked the hazards and developed actions to mitigate those hazards. Hazard rankings were based on the impact to assets and hazard analysis. Hazards were ranked using a high, medium, or low ranking, defined as follows: Low Unlikely to occur in area and impact is negligible Medium Likely to occur in area, with moderate impact High Highly likely to occur in area and impact could cause significant damage including fatalities Summarize Vulnerability Once establishment of the hazard areas, extent, impact and probability are complete and community assets identified, analysis can be conducted to identify where community specific vulnerabilities and problem areas exist. Using this information and the most recent experience of Hurricane Harvey, the City ranked the hazards and developed actions to help mitigate those hazards. The ranking list is in Table 45. Table 45 Hazard Rankin Hazard Rank (HIGH MEDIUM fOW) Flood High Hurricane/Tropical Storms High Thunderstorms/High Wind High Tornadoes Medium Drought Medium Extreme Heat Medium Wildfires Medium Subsidence Low/Medium Lightning Low/Medium Hailstorms Low/Medium Landslides Low Dam Failure Low Winter Storm Low Earthquakes Low City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 128 Page 142 of 210 All hazards were profiled. Hazards that were deemed low were omitted from the plan update. Hazards deemed medium and high, vulnerability assessments were completed and mitigation actions to mitigate the hazard were included the mitigation action table. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 129 Page 143 of 210 Section 4. Mitigation Strategy Update from Last Plan • Streamlined the mitigation goal • Added a section on Mitigation strategy • Separated the status of the existing actions into completed or removed tables. The on- going actions were placed into the current hazard mitigation table, status provided and rank reassessed. • Removed the linking goals to action table • Reformatted the Mitigation Action Table Mitigation Strategy The City of Pearland aspires to be a resilient, disaster -resistant community that can withstand disaster and rapidly recover from a disaster while also preserving the natural and developed environments. Pearland has developed a range of policies, programs and procedures to serve as a framework for its hazard mitigation strategy. Strategies include daily operations that contribute to reducing the impact of future hazards as well as specific hazard mitigation projects. In addition to its focus on evaluation and improvement of City -owned structures, the City's strategy also encourages best practices for private property owners to improve and upgrade their properties, thereby reducing their exposure to risk. The City also works with other local, county and regional organizations toward mitigation actions that meet the City's objective of migrating risks due to natural hazards, without creating new problems. This plan emphasizes mitigation goals and actions focusing on activities that occur prior to a natural hazard that reduce damage when disasters strikes. These actions, driven by risk assessment, include structural improvements to existing buildings and infrastructure; land use decisions that will minimize damage and programs that preserve the natural resources of the City such as the Tree Protection and Preservation program. While developing new mitigation actions, the MPC carefully considered preventative activities (e.g. planning and zoning and hazard mapping), property protection (e.g. acquisitions, critical facility improvements), natural resource protection (floodplain protection), structural projects (storm sewer, roads and buildings), emergency services (warning systems, training) and public information and awareness (outreach, education and training). The first step of the mitigation strategy involved review of the current plan's mitigation goal, to assess whether it remains reflective of the City's mitigation strategy. The 2012 plan had both short and long term goals but the MPC decided to make those goals more concise and centric to hazard mitigation. Consequently, the MPC revised the mitigation goal in the current plan, taking themes from the last lengthy set of goals and consolidating them into one overarching statement. The updated 2018 mitigation goal follows: Mitigation Goal The goal of this plan is to support the City of Pearland's efforts to protect the community's health, safety, and welfare by identifying and increasing public awareness of natural hazards, and City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 130 Page 144 of 210 mitigating risks due to those hazards without creating new problems. In addition, The City will work to: • Minimize and prevent damage to public and private buildings and infrastructure • Reduce economic losses • Increase cooperation and coordination among private entities, local agencies, State agencies and Federal agencies • Increase education, outreach, and awareness • Protect natural resources Status of Actions from the Current Mitigation Plan The 2012 plan distinguished actions by classifying them as high, medium and low priorities. There were 8 high priority actions and three of those have been completed. The remaining actions were retained in the Mitigation Action Table. There were 10 medium priorities. Two of those have been completed. There were also two low priorities, one of which was completed and therefore will not be included in this iteration of the plan (L2 — Require Floodplain Administrator to be a Texas Certified Floodplain Manager (CFM)). Table 46 describes those actions that were completed and therefore will not be carried forward the Mitigation Actions. Table 47 describes the actions being removed. The remaining actions were reviewed, their status updated, and included in the discussion of the prioritization of actions for this plan update. Table 46 - High/Medium/Low Completed Actions from 2012 Plan Completed Mitigation Action from 2012 Plan Goal Achievement Summary HIGH - ACTION: 2. Public Information • The Communications Department and the Emergency Management staff have a communications plan in • Develop communications plan to increase place that is activated in the event of an impending internal and public communication capability event that provides information to the public and — pre- and post -disaster essential staff before, during and after a storm. • Periodic informational mailings to SFHA • The City distributes an annual mailing to residents property owners (flood insurance, importance and business owners located within SFHA. The City of maintaining drainage, flood safety, easy sends out and has available on its website a quarterly mitigation measures, permit requirements) Newsletter (Pearland in Motion) that provides • Periodic mailings distributed throughout the information on flood insurance, importance of year as part of the CRS program. drainage, g , easy mitigation maintainingflood safety, measures, permit requirements and CRS — see an example at Appendix D. This action is deemed successful as plans have been developed and implemented and the City has a quarterly newsletter to keep the community informed about flood City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 131 Page 145 of 210 Completed Mitigation Action from 2012 Plan Goal Achievement Summary related information. HIGH - ACTION: 3. Flood Warning • Increase flood predictive capability for streams and creeks that affect the City (stream gages), coordinate with Harris County Flood Control. • Access stream gauge data on City of Pearland website. • Augment Reverse 911 System to notify floodplain occupants of pending conditions. • The City placed 9 stream gages on critical streams and creeks. It transferred control of the gages to BDD4 to maintain. The gages are now incorporated into Harris County Flood Control's (HCFCD) extensive flood warning and monitoring public system which allows for real time information to be easily accessed by the City, the Drainage Districts and the Public. • The City has the capability through phone, text, email and social media to notify residents in a specific area of a pending condition, alert, evacuation or other needed information. The action is deemed successful as flood predicative capabilities have increased and been coordinated with HCFCD and the Reverse 911 system has been improved. HIGH — ACTION: 5. Coordinated Emergency Management • Train all department heads and appropriate other personnel about the Emergency Management Plan — roles and responsibilities pre- and post -event • The Emergency Management Plan is reviewed and updated every five years (most recently in 2017). Every year all departments and other necessary personnel participate in exercises to review the plan and reaffirm their respective roles through all phases of incident response and recovery. A very detailed training and recertification schedule is maintained by Emergency Management. The action is considered complete because EMP coordination and training is now a standard annual practice for the City. MEDIUM — ACTION: M i . Public -Private Partnership • Sponsor building code training (available from code organizations) for local engineers, architects, contractors, home improvement contractors (with emphasis on wind and flood provisions). • The City holds an annual Builder's forum to update the development community on changes to any building, zoning, planning, fire and safety codes and regulations. Community Development Department also send out quarterly newsletters with updates and has New Development Services webpage to allow for individuals to get information about codes, development questions and submittals and permits. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 132 Page 146 of 210 Completed Mitigation Action from 2012 Plan Goal Achievement Summary This action is deemed a success as the Community Development Department has in place various ways for the development community to stay informed on all building information An example of the newsletter is at Appendix E. MEDIUM — ACTION: 4. Training and Certification • Establish training requirements, minimum job skill base, and certification requirements for all City positions requiring hazard preparation and response. • The Emergency Management Department has established a training and certification program to ensure that all positions that require training and certifications are received. This action is deemed a success as there is a program and responsible department overseeing that the necessary training and certifications are taking place. MEDIUM - ACTION: M6.Continue to work with State and federal agencies to maintain up -to- date knowledge of subsidence issues in the City; cooperate in mitigation and public information efforts. • The City has secured 20 MGD Brazos River surface water from the Gulf Coast Water Authority (GCWA) and moving ahead with pilot testing, design, and construction of a pre -sedimentation basin, 10 MGD Surface Water Treatment Plant and associated distribution system. Also, the City's ordinance requiring the finish floor elevation of the homes to be 1 foot higher than effective floodplain elevation in SFHA. MEDIUM - ACTION: M7. Complete a survey and assessment of critical facility sites throughout the City to determine any increase in risk to the facilities based on subsidence effects. This may include increased risk of flooding, or potential structural problems when there is uneven settling on a site. • The City has secured 20 MGD Brazos River surface water from the Gulf Coast Water Authority (GCWA) and moving ahead with pilot testing, design, and construction of a pre -sedimentation basin, 10 MGD Surface Water Treatment Plant and associated distribution system. Also, the City's ordinance requiring the finish floor elevation of the homes to be 1 foot higher than effective floodplain elevation in SFHA. MEDIUM - ACTION: M8. If new information indicates that subsidence is causing site -specific or building -specific risks, harden facilities to withstand differential stresses caused by land subsidence. • The City has secured 20 MGD Brazos River surface water from the Gulf Coast Water Authority (GCWA) and moving ahead with pilot testing, design, and construction of a pre -sedimentation basin, 10 MGD Surface Water Treatment Plant City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 133 Page 147 of 210 Completed Mitigation Action from 2012 Plan Goal Achievement Summary and associated distribution system. Also, the City's ordinance requiring the finish floor elevation of the homes to be 1 foot higher than effective floodplain elevation in SFHA. MEDIUM - ACTION: M9. When facilities are serviced by utilities such as water or sewer lines, and where eccentric ground movement related to subsidence has occurred, harden water and/or sewer lines or install flexible connections in the lines so that they can withstand the stresses induced by gradual ground movement. • The City has secured 20 MGD Brazos River surface water from the Gulf Coast Water Authority (GCWA) and moving ahead with pilot testing, design, and construction of a pre -sedimentation basin, 10 MGD Surface Water Treatment Plant and associated distribution system. Also, the City's ordinance requiring the finish floor elevation of the homes to be 1 foot higher than effective floodplain elevation in SFHA. LOW — ACTION: LI • Identify whether hazardous materials handlers/waste sites are in the mapped floodplain; if flood -prone, notify company and encourage protective measures and response plan for flood. • Not completed yet. Table 47 - 2012 High/Medium/Low Actions to be removed from 2018 Actions Mitigation Action from 2012 Plan Reason for Removing the Action in 2018 Plan HIGH ACTION: 6. Mitigation Projects • Develop procedures to quickly identify mitigation projects and seek funding (from RSDE and HMGP application development, identification of reuse (recreation, reforestation, wetlands mitigation required by capital projects), through maintenance of purchased/demolished properties). • Continue to pursue cost effective flood mitigation projects (elevation, buyout, local drainage and storm water detention projects); apply for federal funding, as appropriate • Continue to pursue cost effective mitigation projects for other natural hazards that may This action is general and should be separated into specific projects or processes. The City does not need an action item that continues to pursue cost-effective hazard projects and so these two bullets are removed • Continue to pursue cost effective flood mitigation projects (elevation, buyout, local drainage and storm water detention projects); apply for federal funding, as appropriate • Continue to pursue cost effective mitigation projects for other natural hazards that may impact the City of Pearland The Other two bullets will be merged into one new action to establish a process and department responsible for the collection and storage of data necessary for grant City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 134 Page 148 of 210 Mitigation Action from 2012 Plan Reason for Removing the Action in 2018 Plan impact the City of Pearland • Collect "sunny day" data for at -risk buildings to have available for quick post disaster recovery and mitigation grant application development application development. LOW — ACTION: L2 • Require designated floodplain manager position to be a Texas Certified Floodplain Manager (CFM). • Complete. City engineer serves as floodplain administrator and is a Texas CFM. Identification of New Actions After a review of the actions in the current plan, the MPC began a process to identify new actions. The MPC utilized a version of FEMA's Mitigation Implementation Action Summary Worksheet to help describe important information about the action. After the actions were prioritized (discussed next section), the Actions Summary Worksheets were converted into the Mitigation Action Table 50. Evaluate and Prioritize In order to evaluate feasibility and analyze prioritization of actions, all new and existing actions were reviewed by the MPC. The process utilized the Mitigation Action Implementation Tool. The MPC was asked to consider the feasibility of identified mitigation actions as high, medium or low and using the Mitigation Action Evaluation Tool (Life Safety, Property Protection, Technical, Political, Legal, Environmental, Social, Administration, Local Champion, and Other Community Objectives) rank the category 1-10 with 1 being a low priority for the category and 10 being a high for the category. Low is defined as 1-19; Medium is defined as 20-39; and High is defined as 40-60. The results are depicted in Table 48. Table 48 Ranking of hazards to Determine Priority Level City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 135 Page 149 of 210 PEAI<L:\NL) Mitigation Action Prioritization (1-10) Ranked with 1 being low priority for that category and 10 being high for the Category Minimum Score: 1 Maximum Score 60 TOTAL SCORE BETWEEN 1-19 HAZARD IS LOW PRIORITY TOTAL SCORE BETWEEN 20-39 HAZARD IS MEDIUM PRIORITY TOTAL SCORE BETWEEN 40-60 HAZARD IS HIGH PRIORITY P r i 0 r i t y A d d r H e a s z s a e r d d Education and Awareness Creation of Public Awareness Campaign M DR, EH, T/HW Creation of Public Awareness campaign on Drought Contingency Plan M DR, EH Public Awareness Campaign on Tornado shelters and federal and state finding availability M T Public awareness campaign on new buiding residential and coiiuirrcial requirements M F, H/TS, T/HW, T Structure/Infrastructure Flood Proofing City of Pearland Buildings I I F, H/TS, T/HW Elevate Public Utilities II F, H/TS Generators H EH, F, H/TS, L; Hail. T/HW, T; W Disaster Ready Supply Contracts H All hazards High Water Vehicles H F, H/TS Designated Cooling Shelters H EH Drainage Projects H F, H/TS City Owned Infrastructure Assessments H F, H/TS, T/HW, T Resilient and Redundant improvements for older infrastructure H F, H/TS, T/HW, T Flow Redirection for Longwood Wastewater Treatment Plant H F, H/TS Shelter Survey H EH, F, H/TS, T/HW, T SCADA Redundancy H F, H/TS Natural Systems Protections Data Collection for Mitigation Projects M All hazards SRL and RL Properties H F, H/TS Road Safety M F, H/TS, S Initiatives (Reports and studies) Study i/c/w BCGCD on impacts of subsidence to critical infrastructure in City M S Actions/Regulations Creation of Drought plan Enforcement+A14 H DR, EH Building Code for new critical facilities for tornado H T Consider wildfire mitigation when updating the current Unified Development Code for land development in the City. M WF DR: Drought; EH: Extreme Heat; F: Flood; H/TS: Hurricane/TS; T/HW: Thunderstorm/High Wind S: Subsidence; T: Tornadoes; W: Wildfire; Lightning. L; Hail HAIL The Mitigation Action Table for the 2018 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update is listed below at Table 49. Table 49 - 2018 MITIGATION ACTION TABLE City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 136 Page 150 of 210 * A= Actions reducing risk to existing buildings and infrastructure * B= Actions reducing risk to new development Flood Proofin Cit of Pearland Buildin is Descri.tion/Iss After Hurricane Harvey, approximately 25 public buildings experienced damage from flood water intrusion and wind driven Flood rain. Therefore the City would Hurricanes/TS like to improve the buildings to be High Wind more disaster resistant to at least a Engineering/Capital Projects cate_o 4 Hurricane. Public Works De•artment 1. 'sk Focus Federal Grants, Capital Projects Bud. et 2018-2025 H A Each building must be studied to determine the best method to flood proof. The cost estimate is very difficult to do without knowing the flood proofing solution. While costly, Hurricane Harvey made it clear the need to protect these buildin:s to ensure continui of :overnment and necess. services to aid the •ublic immediatel . Elevate Public Utilities .�, �,., a '-•r• After Hurricane Harvey, two of the City's wastewater Flood treatment plants flooded and were damaged. To protect Engineering/Capital Hurricanes/TS these facilities, the City needs to elevate them to survive a Projects 500- ear flood event Public Works De. artment Federal Grants, Capital Projects Bud et 2018-2025 H A Cost and Benefits Considerations Each building must be studied to determine the best method to elevate for structural soundness. The cost estimate is very difficult to do without knowing that information. While costly, Hurricane Harvey made it clear the need to •rotect these buildin:s to ensure continui of :overnment and necess• services to aid the sublic immediatel . Generators City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 137 Page 151 of 210 Extreme Heat Flood Hail Hurricanes/TS Lightning Severe T-storms/HW Tornadoes Wildfire att Hurricane Harvey provided a worst case time demonstrated the need to have generators the utilities and Emergency Management to ensure utilities continuity during droughts/extreme other hazards as well as for emergency and shelter for floods/TS/ll/T/HWNVF. ill, Implementing scenario that in real- in place at all of facilities and shelters heart and management facilities Emergency Management, Public Works and Engineering/Capital Pro'ects Unknown/EMPG/HMGP/ Capital Projects Bud:et 2018-2023 H A Based on size, redundancy and portability, stationary on the cost, however, the benefit of power at critical facilities is paramount to assisting in recovery efforts. Disaster Ready Supply Contracts Hazard ._ , --- R „, Descriptionflssue Implementing _ . • _ All Hazards ost Estimate/Funding Supply flotation supplies bid, awarded contracts for gas, rescue and debris removal equipment, devices, sand bags, barricades and other necessary in response to a natural disaster must be competitively with a three ear contract. Time Frame Priority Risk Engineering/Capital Projects, Legal Department, Procurement Department Focus (A/B) * Unknown/CIP 2018-2020 H A/B Cost and Benefits Considerations The City would have to understand any legal or procurement restrictions Designated Cooling Shelters City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 138 Page 152 of 210 an extreme heat event Al..: .: H Implementing Emergency Management, Public Works and Parks and Recreation r' i Extreme Heat $15,000/Ci Bud et Identi and •ublicize coolin: shelters durin: 2018-2020 A s ...., .- ..,. Cost and Benefits Considerations Drainage Pro'ects WNW Mg= entin A:enc Flood Hurricanes/TS The City is working on its Master Drainage Plan expected to be completed in September 2018. In addition, the Engineering Department is preparing a drainage assessment report after the impacts of Hurricane Harvey. Once completed, these plans and reports will be used to identify the existing drainage problems. While the drainage projects are not fully identified, funding support will be ke En•ineerin:/Capital Pro ccts Cost Estimate/Fundin: Time Frame Priori Risk Focus AJB * Federal Grants, Capital Pro ' ects Bud • et As the master plan and and once the engineering drainage reports are finalized, it will be apparent where priority is complete for that particular project, the costs will be A drainage projects are needed best estimated at that time. 1 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 139 Page 153 of 210 Improve Regulatory and Administrative Capability (formerly HI) Implementing A_enc All I lazards Formalize inspection procedures, specifically for flood pre - disaster At least one staff member should have training specific to making substantial damage determinations for post disaster Standardize procedures and worksheets for handling substantial improvement for pre disaster and substantial damage post disaster Community Development and Engineering /Ca ital Projects $10,000 /City Training Bud etiwr 2018-2020 H A Cog_and Benefits Considerations andatatus if not a new action to 204821m Status: While the City has an established permitting and inspection process, it is working on a more formalized process to help with substantial damage/substantial improvement determinations and would benefit from having at least two inspectors trained in RSDE and other acceptable substantial damage protocols. City -Owned Building/Infrastructure (formerly H4) Hazar Description/Issue Implementing Agency flood For public buildings that are in the SFHA and based on preliminary evaluations, conduct more detailed assessment of full range of ways to minimize damage (retrofit flood proofing, use of flood -resistant materials, elevate utilities, etc.); determine appropriateness of flood insurance. -Sanitary water treatment plants, if in SFHA, examine for measures to preserve functioning and protect property/contents; if not already in place, prepare response plans for pending flooding. -For sewage pump stations located in high -risk areas, develop flood eroofin_ •lans. Public Works, Community Development and Engineering /Capital Projects Cost Estimate/Fundin_ Priorit Risk Focus S400,000 /Capital Budget 201 8-2025 11 A Cost and Benefits CCnsiderati l S1Atwit ooLlocw..,4cAloo.to Status: The City hired an engineering firm to assess critical infrastructures Considerations: Initial evaluations are within existing budget; if reasonable protective measures are found to be appropriate, budget request will be necessary. Data Collection for Mitigation Projects -(formerly a portion of H6) City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 140 Page 154 of 210 Hazard Description/Issue Implementing Agency All Hazards Develop procedures to quickly identify mitigation projects and seek funding (from RSDE and HMGP application development, identification of reuse (recreation, reforestation, wetlands mitigation required by capital projects), through maintenance of purchased/demolished properties. Collect "sunny day" data for at -risk buildings to have available for quick post disaster recovery and mitigation grant application develo ment. Public Works, Community Development, Engineering /Capital Projects, and Emergency Management Cost Estimate/Funding Time "' Priority Risk Focus (A/B) * $ /Capital Budget 2018-2022 M A Cam, and Benefits Co . of a ne fi § 2018 PI Status: When projects through the CIP are identified to start work, the data is collected on a project specific basis but staff and time limitations have limited City's ability to collect data for possible projects. SRL and RL Properties -(formerly H7) _ -Haaar4 Description/Issue ,..- •ntin: A. - e Flood Hurricanes/TS Federal Grants, Capital Projects Budget Purchased 5 RL properties The Continue working with County and State identify repetitive loss and severe repetitive properties, and pursue mitigation projects 2018-2022 Bene_, City is working to identify SRL and RL and costs associated to mitigate. officials to loss to reduce risk. H properties and Community Development, Engineering /Capital Projects, and Emergency Management Foc A to determine best methods City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 141 Page 155 of 210 Road Safety -(formerly M2) ,, _. . i Implementing DesIssue a �„.��T Based on existing knowledge of roads that flood frequently: a. If considered critical for emergency response, explore options Public Works, to upgrade. Engineering Floods b. If predicted to have more than 2' of water (especially long /Capital Projects, Hurricanes/TS duration), explore options to upgrade and Emergency Subsidence c. Tf there are any subsidence impacts Management IP 4111110 Cost Estimate/Funding Time Fra Capital Budget 2018-2025 M A Cost , . , ;and Status if not a new action to 2018 Plan Studies are ongoing on most impacted roads to determine best method to improve and costs necessary for that level of improvement Shelter Survey -(formerly M3) ! . Im lementinc Floods If not already done, request county/state evaluation of identified for Community Development, Severe Thunderstorms - shelters resistance to wind &flood. Engineering /Capital High Wind Projects, and Emergency Hurricanes/TS ost Estimate ` u. Mana : ement Capital Budget 2018-2020 M A Cost .enefits.,- nsideratio :.....::... For one of the identified shelters, it was built after 2005 and meets ICC requirements for wind speed and flood damage. When identifications of other shelters are known, the assessment of wind and flood to the building must be determined especially if built before 2005. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 142 Page 156 of 210 Wind and Flood Risk Assessments -(formerly M5 and M 10) Implementing Community Development, Engineering /Capital Projects, and Emergency Mana_ement Floods Severe Thunderstorms - High Wind Hurricanes/TS On an as -needed basis, the City will undertake site -specific assessments of flood depths in flood -prone areas. This will typically be done as part of grant applications or in order to meet other technical requirements. Cost Estimate/Funding Time Frame Priority Risk Focus (A/B) * See Data Collection Sec Data Collection Plan M 1 ost and Benefits Considerations and Status i n to 2018 Plan Status The City would like to merge this action item with the action item above title Data Collection for Mitigation Projects Resilient and Redundant improvements for older critical infrastructure Haz. f , .,.. - . Description/Issu ` Implementing A:enc Floods/ Severe Thunderstorms - High Wind /Tornadoes/Hurricanes/TS Status: The City has contracted with an Engineering firm for facility assessment services related to Hurricane Harvey. Upon completion of this report (expected 3/4 qtr 2018), the City will have a full assessment of damages to these facilities and can then best determine course of action for remediation for each building and facili .. Community Development, Engineering /Capital Projects, and Emergency Mana_ement iiiiirkos Estimate/Funding Time Fram ' ocus A ' M A t,. ,. host and Benefits Considerations and Status if not a new action to 2018 Plan City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 143 Page 157 of 210 Flow Redirection for The Longwood Wastewater I reannent Plant Sri Implementing Floods Hurricanes/TS The Longwood Wastewater Treatment Plant originally built in mid 1960s is located in an oxbow of Clear Creek and was inundated with flood waters, rendering it inoperable for approximately 72 hours during and after the Hurricane Harvey event. Due to proximity to the creek, instead of making expensive repairs vulnerable to the next flood, this facility should have its flows redirected to an adequately protected plant to miti_ate an future dama:e or loss of service. Community Development, Engineering /Capital Projects, and Emergency Mana:ement $ /Ca s ital Budget 2018-2020 I I A fits Considerations and Status if not a new action to 201 8 Plan Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) System redundancy Hazard Implementing Agency Floods Tornadoes Hurricanes/TS Rst. Federal Grants, Capital Projects Budget The SCADA and wastewater redundant emergency are operational to high not physically wastewater were also Cost and system allows the City to monitor and facilities remotely. SCADA systems to provide continuous connectivity to our event. SCADA is indispensable to ensure and properly functioning when we water or debris. During Hurricane Harvey, access 18 wastewater lift stations, to the treatment plants. Due to a lack unable to monitor man of those facilities 2018-2025 Benefits Considerations and Status if not control its critical water must be resilient and facilities throughout an plants and lift stations cannot reach facilities due for 3 days the City could which are critical to getting of SCADA redundancy we remotel . H a new action to 2018 Plan Public Works, Engineering /Capital Projects/ and IT A x.Mxe.r_� Creation of Public Awareness of Hazards Campaign City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 144 Page 158 of 210 amomik Hazar Ai R ,. -, mp ern t ng eni Drought Extreme Heat Hail Lightning Wildfire Create public education program to inform citizens of mitigation tnethods for listed hazards. Fire Department, Communication De artment Cost Estimate/Funding Time Fra '. = Priority Risk Foc ) * Unknown/FEMA -EMPG Grant 2018-2021 Est an a; Hefts Considerations M A B Raise awareness and provide ways public can protect property High Water Vehicles and Boats Hazard Flood Hurricanes/TS Cost Estimate/Funding Description/Iss plementing gency Hurricane getting the rescuin_. Harvey demonstrated the tremendous through the water to rescue people. City most suitable capability for the high water transportation T ._ , difficulty is looking for for Priority Emergency Management, Public Works, Police and Fire, and Finance Risk Focus (AB) * FEMA -EMPG Grant 2018-2020 11 A/B in the event County, State and Until the types are determined, it is The City needs these high water rescue equipment to allow for some self-sufficiency federal resources cannot be received, as demonstrated in Hurricane Harvey. difficult to provide cost considerations. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 145 Page 159 of 210 Create Drought C ontin • ency Plan Campaign Drought Extreme Heat Create and implement drought contingency plan awareness conservation efforts I I •lement.pg and Communication De s artment r��t Fc ima+ ;; Iime Frame Priority Risk Focus (AB) * Minimal and possible in Budget 2018-2022 M Aill Cost and Benefits Considerations Study on Impacts of Subsidence to Critical Facilities Hazard .. , ;:.,�_.. Implementing Subsidence Study i/c/w BGGCD on the impacts of subsidence to critical infrastructure in Cit Engineering/Public Works Cost Estimate/Funding T i Fr A/B _ $350,000-5500,00 201 8-2022 M Akk. Ccnd Benefits Conside,ions AIL While engineering studies can be costly, it could be split with BCGCD and could provide information that will further protect the City's critical infrastructures. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 146 Page 160 of 210 Drou • ht Enforcement ... • Descri.tion/Issue Imelementin• A.enc Drought Extreme Heat When drought contingency plan is initiated, enforcement of the stage level requirements will be enforced at the stated requirements Public Works Estimate/Fundin 11, .•_, IIIPIMIS Priori Risk Focus (AB * Ca )ita1 Bud"ct 2018-2022 Mr IIMI Cost should be minimal because it is *art of de • artment's work res. onsibilit M when elan A is initiated. Future Critical Facilities Buildin•s lilli Tornado ost ti w -/Fundin: Ca • ital Bud • et Cost should be minimal All new critical city facilities will be built to the standard of 140 m • h wind loads at 3 second _ sts 111: 2018-2022 t and Benefits ,ideratio*i Engineering and Building Code Enforcement H B 1 buildings are designed and because it is part of departments' work responsibility when construction is reviewed. Wildfire Consideration during review of UDC. and Land Development Hazard Dtl Wildfire timate/Fundin The City has currently adopted the 2015 International Building, Fire, and Property Maintenance Codes. It is anticipated to move towards adoption of 2018 versions of these codes in FY18 or FY19. Consider wildfire mitigation when updating the current Unified Development Code for land develo•ment in the Ci - Fire, Engineering Code Priori and Building Enforcement Risk Focus A/B Ca•ital Bud:et 2018-2022 11 B Cost and Benefits Considerations Cost should be minimal because it is part of departments' work responsibility when buildings are designed and City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 147 Page 161 of 210 construction is reviewed. Public Awareness Cam at on new building - residential and commercial requirements Hazard RDescri tionI slue_ ___. Implementing Agency Flood Hurricane/TS T/High Wind Tornado Utilizing the monthly newsletter of information, institute a public awareness campaign to developers, HOAs and other the general public on the new building requirements )ost Harve Communications Cos . T Priori Risk Focus AB Ca,ital Budget 2018-2022 II 13 Anittliattling Cost should be minimal. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 148 Page 162 of 210 Section 5. Plan Maintenance Process Introduction The plan maintenance section of this document details the formal process that will ensure that the City of Pearland hazard mitigation plan remains a responsive and relevant document. The maintenance process includes a schedule for monitoring and evaluating the plan annually and producing an updated plan every five years. It also describes how the City will integrate public participation throughout the plan and implementation process and explain how the City plans to incorporate the mitigation strategies outlined in this plan into existing planning mechanisms. Update from Last Plan The Hazard Mitigation Plan Update is a collaborative process and while the Pearland Engineering Department will lead the efforts, Emergency Management coordinates mitigation efforts. The Engineering Director will appoint a member of the Engineering Team to be the designated lead coordinator for the annual review, for forwarding any amendments to the Plan to the Texas Division of Emergency Management and for data collections in preparation of year four, where the City will begin the update process to this plan. Monitoring, Evaluating and Updating the Plan The maintenance process includes a schedule for monitoring and evaluating the plan annually and producing an updated plan every five years. The minimum task of the annual hazard mitigation planning team meeting will be the evaluation of the progress of the plan and incorporating the actions into other plans. This review will include: • Summary of any hazard events that occurred during the prior year and their impact on the community. • Review of successful mitigation action identified in the plan. • Review actions that were not completed to understand if there are impediments impacting the action (e.g. financial, technical, etc.) • Re-evaluate the action plan to determine if the timeline for identified projects remains accurate (e.g. if funding becomes available, a long-term activity could become a near - term project) • Recommendation for new mitigation actions and projects. • Changes in potential for funding. • Collection of maps and data to help with data needs for next iteration of plan. • Impact of any other planning programs within the City that involve hazard mitigation. In addition to the scheduled reports, the Hazard Mitigation Coordinator will convene meetings after damaging natural hazard events to review the effects of such events. Based on those City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 149 Page 163 of 210 effects, adjustments to the mitigation goals and actions may be made or additional event -specific actions identified. Such revisions shall be documented as outlined below: Circumstances or conditions under which the City of Pearland will initiate Plan reviews and updates outside of the annual review: • On the recommendation of the Hazard Mitigation Coordinator or on its own initiative, the City Council may initiate a Plan review at any time. • At approximately the one-year anniversary of the updated plan's adoption, and every year thereafter (Annual Progress Reports). • After natural hazard events that appear to significantly change the apparent risk to City assets, operations and/or citizens. • When activities of the City, or the State significantly alter the potential effects of natural hazards on Pearland assets, operations and/or citizen. Examples include completed mitigation projects that reduce risk, or actions or circumstances that increase risk. • When new mitigation opportunities or sources of funding are identified. In addition to the circumstances listed above, revisions that warrant changing the text of this Plan update or incorporating new information may be prompted by a number of circumstances, including identification of specific, new mitigation projects, completion of several mitigation actions, or requirements for qualifying for specific funding. Minor revisions may be handled by addenda. Major comprehensive review of and revisions to this Hazard Mitigation Plan Update will be considered on a five-year cycle. The 2018 Plan will enter its next review cycle sometime in 2022, with adoption of that update in 2023. The MPC will be reconvened to conduct the comprehensive evaluation and revision. Integration into Existing Plans, Procedures and Programs As required by FEMA's Interim Final Rule that governs mitigation planning, the project requirements from the Hazard Mitigation Plan shall be incorporated into other planning mechanisms, as applicable, during the routine re-evaluation and update of the City Plans. The current hazard mitigation plan was reviewed to assess what data could be used for several City reports that were prepared from 2012-2017. Members of the MPC sit on the capital improvement, comprehensive plan, emergency management plan, engineering design criteria and FIRM review committees to help facilitate data from this plan was reviewed and appropriately incorporated to those plans. Data from the current plan was used as follow: • 2015 City of Pearland Comprehensive Plan reviewed the plan to understand the actions against the current and future land use. • City of Pearland Capital Improvements Program 2018-2022 reviewed the plan to identify subject areas where mitigation activities and principles can be incorporated. Staff responsible for the mitigation plan are directly involved with the capital improvement processes, and the City fully explores the possibility of expanding or adjusting potential City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 150 Page 164 of 210 capital improvement projects to maximize mitigation effects (for example, by modifying a drainage project to address repetitive flood loss properties). • City of Pearland Emergency Management Plan (EMP) 2017. As part of the Plan update, the EMP reviewed this plan to assist with identifying the hazards profiled in the HMP update, process and procedures to facilitate update up Annex P — Mitigation. • City of Pearland's Engineering Design Criteria Manual Update (which includes the Storm water Management Plan) reviewed the ordinances discussed in the plan. • Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) and the preliminary maps. Pearland FIRMs were reviewed to assist with identifying areas vulnerable to flooding within the City. As with all plans and capabilities that are in place, the City continually reviews current documents and best management practices to continue to expand and improve services to our community. To better provide these capabilities, the MPC would continue to reach out to City departments to incorporate their capabilities. This would include setting up meetings with City departments on an annual basis to review and incorporate any new capabilities. This plan is also utilized when other City plans such as the 1) Comprehensive plan, 2)NPDES- MS4, 3) Community Rating System, and 4) EDCM are reviewed on their respective 5 year or 2 year review cycle. Additionally, as the City is reviewing the existing storm water and floodplain ordinances, the HMP and the other documents are utilized to assist in incorporating recommended changes. The process starts the year before the respective plan needs to be re - permitted and includes: • Reviewing any changes in regulation; • Reviewing the current plan; and • Preparing the update. As the City reviews the following documents 1) Comprehensive plan, 2) NPDES-MS4, 3) Community Rating System, and 4) EDCM, the review includes the incorporation of a review of the HMP. This review is to make sure that any changes or improvements are reviewed with these documents. In light of recent events, Hurricane Harvey, the City is reviewing the Stormwater and Floodplain Ordinances to determine if changes need to be made based upon the 100-year floodplain and recommendations to elevate homes further above the floodplain elevations. During this review the HMP will be reviewed and if any changes are recommended they would be incorporated among all documents. In addition to the reports listed above, the following plans, studies and reports were reviewed and necessary data was incorporated into this plan update: • Brazoria County Flood Insurance Study (FIS). The Brazoria County FIS dated September 22, 1999 was reviewed to identify past flooding events and flood characteristics within the City. • Harris County FIS. The Harris County FIS dated June 18, 2007 was reviewed to identify past flooding and flood characteristics that could impact the City. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 151 Page 165 of 210 • 2013 State of Texas Mitigation Plan. • Harris County 2015 Hazard Mitigation Plan • Fort Bend County 2017 Hazard Mitigation Plan Continued Public Involvement Upon adoption of the Plan update, the public will be periodically updated through posts (on the City's website) and on the Annual Progress Reports under the plan monitoring strategy described above. Pearland will involve the public in the plan maintenance process and during the major comprehensive review to the Plan in the same ways used during the original plan development. The public will be notified when the revision process is started and provided the opportunity to review and comment on changes to the plan and priority action items. It is expected that a combination of informational public meetings, surveys and questionnaires, draft documents posted on the website, and public Council meetings will be undertaken. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 152 Page 166 of 210 Appendix Update from last plan: • Removed Acronym page • Removed Key Terms • Removed Annual Progress Reports • Removed Hazard descriptions • Removed Change Notes, Modifications to the June 2004 Plan • Removed Appendix for TDEM approval letter • Added appendix of hazard profiled and omitted based on the review - Earthquake City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 153 Page 167 of 210 APPENDIX A — Minutes from the MPC Meetings City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 154 Page 168 of 210 The City of Pearland Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Minutes September 26, 2017 Attendees R. Garcia (RG) R. Shrestha (RS) J. Hawkins (JH) K. Thatcher (KT) 1. Review draft goal submissions and finalize The MPC reviewed the earlier plan goals and determined this goal should be more streamlined to natural hazards and therefore decided on: The City of Pearland Mitigation Goal Statement The goal of this plan is to support the City of Pearland's efforts to protect the community's health, safety, and welfare by identifying and increasing public awareness of natural hazards, and mitigating risks due to those hazards without creating new problems. In addition, The City will work to: • Minimize and prevent damage to public and private buildings and infrastructure • Reduce economic losses • Increase cooperation and coordination among private entities, local agencies, State agencies and Federal agencies • Increase education, outreach, and awareness • Protect natural resources The MPC will include this goal statement in the survey sent out to public and stakeholders to make sure all interested parties have an opportunity to review and provided comments. 2. Review Stakeholder information and finalize The MPC provided a draft stakeholder list at the first meeting and JH worked with the MPC to update and finalize the stakeholder list which is below. Group Member Title Organization J.L. Spires Police Chief Pearland Police Department Chris Orlea Director Pearland Parks and Recreation Cynthia Pearson Director Pearland Finance Department Eric Wilson Director Pearland Public Works Michael Masters Manager Pearland GIS City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 155 Page 169 of 210 Carry Capers Interim Director Pearland Communications John McDonald Director Pearland Community Development Clay Pearson City Manager City of Pearland Group Member Title Organization Jon Branson Deputy City Manager City of Pearland Trent Epperson Assistant City Manager City of Pearland Joel Hardy Grants Administrator City of Pearland Matt Buchanan President Pearland Economic Development Corporation Vance Riley Fire Chief City of Pearland Dr. DeeAnn Powell Superintendent Pasadena Independent School District Jeff Wilson Compliance Coordinator Alvin Independent School District Cary Partin Senior Assistant Superintendent for Support Services Pearland Independent School District Larry J. Allen, P.E. Project Coordinator, Precinct 1 Harris County Flood Control District Michelle Milliard, P.E. District Engineer Texas DOT - Brazoria County Area Office Grady Mapes, P.E. District Engineer Texas DOT— Fort Bend County Area Office Craig Bailey Mayor Brookside Village Mike Yost Superintendent Brazoria Drainage District No. 4 Jeff Braun Emergency Management Coordinator Fort Bend County Steve Rosa Emergency Management Coordinator Brazoria County Mark Sloan Emergency Management Coordinator Harris County John Terry Byrd Emergency Management Coordinator City of Friendswood Kyle J. Jung Emergency Management Coordinator City of Manvel Carol Artz-Bucek President Pearland Chamber of Commerce 3. Review nublications and studies nrovided The MPC reviewed the list of studies and publications reviewed for the 2012 plan. RS will provide the Comprehensive Plan 2015 and the CIP 2017 Plan. RG will provide the emergency management plan. Each will be reviewed for possible inclusion in the plan update. 4. Review Actions in 2012 plan for update The MPC reviewed the actions from the 2012 plan and will request each department provide an updated status. 5. Begin discussion of new actions The MPC discussed actions like the need for new barricades, sand bags, contracts for emergency work/equipment/personal flotation devices so that procurement can happen immediately after or in advance of major natural hazard event. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 156 Page 170 of 210 J'E.AkLANU 6. Discuss outreach strategy The MPC began to discuss outreach strategy for the stakeholders and public and when ready will engage the Communications Department for help with the outreach. 7. MPC schedule for next meeting and Action Items The MPC will have a teleconference on Tuesday, October 17th at 10 am CST. An agenda and conference bridge will be sent out on Monday, October 16h. Action Item Owner Prepare Minutes and distribute to MPC KT Send publications and studies mentioned in 3 RS and RG Continue updating status from 2012 Actions AP, JH, RU, RG, RS City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 157 Page 171 of 210 The City of Pearland Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Minutes October 17, 2017 Attendees R. Garcia (RG) R. Shrestha (RS) J. Hawkins (JH) K. Thatcher (KT) 8. Review actions in 2012 plan for update The MPC reviewed the earlier plan goals and determined this goal should be more streamlined to natural hazards and therefore decided on: 9. Continue to discuss new actions 10. Discuss outreach strategy The MPC began to discuss outreach strategy for the stakeholders and public and when ready will engage the Communications Department for help with the outreach. 11. MPC schedule for next meeting and Action Items The MPC will have a teleconference on Tuesday, October 31st at 10 am CST. An agenda and conference bridge will be sent out on Monday, October 30h. Action Item 41,, Owner Prepare Minutes and distribute to MPC KT List from Emergency Plan Annex of Department in Pearland involved and their responsibility RG List of State Roads in Pearland RS Updated map with annexed areas since 2012 for Pearland RS Provide communications Action to Director for review RG Provide letter of transfer of gauges to BDD4 RS Discussion with all relevant Department heads on subsidence hazard (inclusion or removal) in plan RS Send draft updated 2012 Mitigation Actions to MPC KT Provide newspaper ad regarding notification of floodplain and documents available RS Determine how many Public buildings are in SFHA RS City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 158 Page 172 of 210 The City of Pearland Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Minutes November 7, 2017 Attendees R. Garcia (RG) R. Shrestha (RS) J. Hawkins (JH) K. Thatcher (KT) 12. Finalize review of 2012 status actions The MPC finalized the review of the status of the actions. There will be three tables in the plan, one for action items completed, one for action items removed and then the action items that are on -going, they will be inserted into the table with the New Actions and the team will review them in terms of priorities using the mitigation action implementation table guidelines. 13. Hazard Profile Review of events that occurred since 2012 The MPC reviewed the previous occurrences and also queried national databases on hazards to update the plan for events per hazard in the last five ears. While the City does not complete hazard inventory, the team went through hazards in the past five years that had an impact on the City, most notably Hurricane Harvey. Discussion for Earthquakes, landslides and winter storms and Wildfires The MPC reviewed the previous occurrences and also queried national databases on hazards as well as City records and three of the four hazards have not had any occurrence in the last five years. While winter storm has, it has not lasted for more than one-two days (due to climate of area) and has damage has been none. There have been icy roads and a few downed power lines but not prolonged and all resumed to normal in less than 24 hours. In addition, when the team worked on the profile, it was clear that each of these four events had a very low probability of occurrence and if occurred, extremely negligible impacts would occur. The State recommended that after the profile the hazard and can demonstrate there is negligible risk and all the information that we have on that issue is included, there are no actions needed. The reason MPC even profiled is an event, even unlikely, for these hazards has the potential to occur. 14. Review of plans and future integration The MPC reviewed, the State 2013 plan, the Harris County Plan (2015), the draft Fort Bend plan (2017), the City's Comprehensive Plan (2015), the Capital Improvement Plan and the 2017 City Budget and The Emergency Management Plan for information for this Plan. When the City plans are in update, the City works across departments to collaborate and provide data, expertise and information to the budgets, plans and capital improvements. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 159 Page 173 of 210 15. Discuss outreach strategy A draft letter to the stakeholders was reviewed as well as notification to the public when the plan is ready for review and comment. The public will be given 30 days comment period. A draft schedule was prepared: MPC MPC MPC MPC MPC TDEM and FEMA City Council Review of complete first draft Modifications based on review Letter to stakeholders for review Presentation to public, compile feedback Prepare and submit final draft Review and letter of approvability Final adoption after approval January 2018 January 2018 February, 2018' February 26, 2018 April, 2018 2018 2018 Action Item Owner Prepare Minutes and distribute to MPC KT Critical Facilities review MPC Building and Estimate of costs MPC Updated RL and SRL lists RS Send draft updated 2012 Mitigation Actions to MPC and preliminary new action list KT Homes in Floodplain RS City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 160 Page 174 of 210 The City of Pearland Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Minutes January 31, 2018 Attendees S. Buchheit (SB) R. Garcia (RG) J. Hawkins (JH) P. Martin (PM) R. Shrestha (RS) K. Thatcher (KT) D. Ward (DW) A first draft was sent to the MPC to begin to review and comment on it. 16. Subsidence hazard A profile was created for subsidence as a separate hazard (it was in the last plan as part of flooding). The MPC will review and comment on the profile as well as provide status to the following actions and determine two more actions. M6 [Added for 2010 Plan Update] Continue to work with State and federal agencies to maintain up-to-date knowledge of subsidence issues in the City; cooperate in mitigation and public information efforts. The Public Works Department is responsible for maintaining knowledge of subsidence hazards, and the Public Information Officer would be responsible for any information campaigns. When subsidence issues are identified, the City will initiate efforts to inform the public about the hazard, including (if possible) the rate at which the hazard is occurring, and possible means to address the hazard on a site -specific basis. This may be done via mailings (water bills), public service announcements, and/or postings on the City website, or some combination thereof. Hazard: subsidence. Timeframe for completion: Ongoing. M7 [Added for 2010 Plan Update] Complete a survey and assessment of critical facility sites throughout the City to determine any increase in risk to the facilities based on subsidence effects. This may include increased risk of flooding, or potential structural problems when there is uneven settling on a site. Hazard: subsidence. Timeframe for completion: Not determined, but likely by 2014, depending on severity of ongoing subsidence issues. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 161 Page 175 of 210 M8 [added for 2010 Plan Update] If new information indicates that subsidence is causing site -specific or building -specific risks, harden facilities to withstand differential stresses caused by land subsidence. Hazard: subsidence. Timeframe for completion: To be determined based on risk conditions. The County does not expect such projects to be necessary, and if they are necessary, the timeframe for completing them will he determined on a case by case basis. M9 [added for 2010 Plan Update] When facilities are serviced by utilities such as water or sewer lines, and where eccentric ground movement related to subsidence has occurred, harden water and/or sewer lines or install flexible connections in the lines so that they can withstand the stresses induced by gradual ground movement. Hazard: subsidence. Timeframe for completion: Such projects will be initiated when site conditions indicate that subsidence is causing significant enough problems to warrant mitigation. When such sites are identified, the City will assess the expected rate of subsidence to determine appropriate actions; only at that point will it be possible to accurately indicate a time frame for projects. 17. Winter storm RG and PM will speak to the Public Works Department to understand if there are any mitigation actions for winter storm. 18. Wildfire RG and PM will speak with the appropriate departments and commissions to understand in light of the hazard profile, if there are any actions for wildfire. 19. Review process To help coordinate the review process, SB will place the draft on the shared website so that each member of the MPC can comment, make changes or update one draft to alleviate duplication of efforts. The team will take two weeks to review. 20. Revised schedule The team's goal is to have the final draft ready for a larger review on or before March 5th with the goal of presenting it before Council on March 26t'. Action Ite Owner Prepare Minutes and distribute to MPC KT Continue to provide requested data MPC Provide updated stakeholder information RG and PM Send subsidence profile KT Need action items for wildfire if determined needed RG and PM Need action items (2) for subsidence (and team to review section) MPC Discussion with Public Works on Winter storm hazard City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 162 Page 176 of 210 Create Hazard Mitigation Plan shared folder SB Update plan with maps provided by SB KT Send FEMA review tool to team KT City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 163 Page 177 of 210 APPENDIX B - EXAMPLE STAKEHOLDER LETTER City of Pearland 3519 Lberty Dr Peanand. Texas 77581 W81.997.4648 peartandtx gov April 17, 2018 KYLE J. JUNG, CITY MANAGER CITY OF MANVEL 20025 HIGHWAY 6 MANVEL TX 77578 Re Pearland Hazard Mitigation Plan Update Dear Colleague, The City of Pearland has achieved and maintains the State of Texas' advanced level of emergency planning preparedness through the development and maintenance of several contingency and hazard mitigation plans that help the City mitigate risk from and consequences of, natural and man-made disasters. One of these plans is the Peariand Hazard Mitigation Plan. City staff are currently updating the City's mitigation plan, as required by both the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Texas Division of Emergency Management (TDEM). While the nature of natural hazards confronting the citizens of Pearland has not changed significantly since the current plan was prepared in 2012, the City has grown in the size of its population and business community. Consequently, the number of citizens and business interests exposed to natural hazards has increased and this reality is reflected in the most recent update to the Pearland Hazard Mitigation Plan In addition, the status of various hazard mitigation initiatives has been updated and beneficial future mitigation actions that are currently anticipated are also described The City anticipates making the draft of the hazard mitigation plan update available for public comment and stakeholder input on April 23, 2018, in conjunction with a bnef presentation to the City Council The Council presentation wit also coincide with the start of a 30-day comment period during which Peartand residents, business interests, and stakeholders can review the draft plan update and provide comments to the City before the plan update is finalized Stakeholders who have an interest In this plan are welcome to observe the City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 164 Page 178 of 210 presentation to the City Council on April 23, 2018, at 8:30 pm in the Council Chambers located at 3519 L erty Drive, Pearland, TX 77581. Thereafter, the draft plan update can be viewed online at the City's web site located at ftlios-fiwww.oesdisndbc.gov. A copy will also be available for review In the Office of the City Secretary, also located at 3519 Liberty Drive, Pearland, TX 77581. Physical copies will also be provided to mitigation plan stakeholders upon request. Written comments from interested stakeholders can be submitted via mal to the City of Pearland Emergency Management Coordinator at 2703 Veterans Drive Peerland, TX 77584. Comments may also be forwarded vie E-Mail to anoadinadarlensWor. The City also anticipates offering a means to submit electronic comments online, which will be announced separately. When the comment period doses on May 24, 2018; City staff will review all comments submitted by that date and take them into consideration as the plan update is finalized. The City may also convene a public meeting upon conclusion of the comment period, In response to public interest. Once fnal¢ed, the draft plan update wil be submitted to TDEM and FEMA for review and approval. Upon receipt of notification of FEMA approval, the plan update wil be presented to the City Council for adoption, after which it will remain valid for five years. Should you have any questions or concerts regarding this initiative; please contact the City of Pearland Emergency Management Coordinator, Mr. Peter F. Martin, via telephone at 281- 997-4848 or E-Mail at the fallowing address: Qlnartineneartendbc.aov. Thank you for your continued partnership in emergency preparedness. Sincerely. P. F. Martin City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 165 Page 179 of 210 APPENDIX C -PUBLIC NOTICE OF PUBLIC MEETING Notice of Public Meeting printed in The Pearland Reporter, April 11 and April 18, 2018 The Reporter News Pearland Friendswood I Manvel NEWS v SPORTS OPINIO Notice of Public Meeting - April 23, 2018 City of Pearland Hazard Mitigation Plan Update The City of Pearland is updating its Hazard Mitigation Plan, as required by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Texas Division of Emergency Management (TDEM). The draft update of the Pearland hazard mitigation plan will be available for public review and comment starting April 23, 2018. This will occur in conjunction with notice to the City Council on that date, which will coincide with the start of a 30-day public comment period during which Pearland residents, business interests and plan stakeholders can review the draft plan update and provide comment before it is finalized. The public is welcome to observe the City Council session on April 23, 2018 at 6:30 pm in the Council chambers located at 3519 Liberty Drive. Pearland, TX 77581. Thereafter, the draft plan update can be viewed online on the Emergency Management page of the City's web site located at https://www.pearlandtx.gov. The draft plan update will also be available in the Office of the City Secretary, located at 3519 Liberty Drive Pearland. Written comments about this update may be submitted by mail addressed to the City of Pearland Emergency Management Coordinator, 2703 Veterans Drive, Pearland, Texas 77581. Comments must be postmarked by May 25, 2018 to be included in the public record. The City also anticipates offering a means to submit electronic comments and those details will he published separately. City staff will review all comments as the document is finalized. A public meeting will be convened, at a time and date to be announced. in response to public interest Once finalized, the draft update will be submitted to TDEM and FEMA for review and approval. Upon notification of FEMA approval. the plan update will be presented to the City Council for adoption. Questions regarding this preparedness planning initiative can be directed to the City of Pearland Emergency Management Coordinator. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 166 Page 180 of 210 APPENDIX D PEARLAND IN MOTION CRS AND FLOOD OUTREACH City News City News PEARSAND FURTHERS STRATEGIC PRIORITY GE SUSTAINABLE INFRASTU;iUGE CWs.R •mp ,AoR la R44w• r M• 14 o.rwo. 11•4.4. J.1444.r.0 twos,* 414.4401 N WI MAW .. aww WAIT &Awn. 4.1.•A. ,,**. 4, ON:nM N•mt • val•44v car*. ••Aao rya. ►lades. rw.4 4w9 wl mM fN. A.m. 14l S*•..v t4n.41 Pt M 04 Mn AU rM rrAr M d.W.w It I load ..4 rump •41r1 nw M 1.Ns•E 44••4ln a M wins •.••n r4 M •..a.•n.t • e mvMM • .4. 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Fw4.s r4r siw n.11 i01" W 4041111. hR.r•ti Nws.•4 AtWT nv1 NM,. , *PPP *PP, v.b. W P•4••'4 n.4.aw44.43 tvw we P.•*IP 4,. . yap Iv. • M M. 1...' p.p. Ay P4• 44 wain. ..S, ln•f14 4I•vv. ..w# I. PFW.n PI stow<.• 14 PP* • Sp PPP W. Moar. ave.n team,. In W a..w r..• w• City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 167 Page 181 of 210 WHATS YOUR FLOOOPLAIN 10? Do you know if your property is in a floodpfain7 Do you understand what the Implications are when living in a flood prone area? Are you properyInsured? Tho City of Poarland makes ovory Won to ensure residents who are In a floodple n are informed. View the flood and property maps online at pearlandtx.gov/floodplain to determine if a portion of your property is in the floodpiain of Clear Creek, Cowart Creek, Hickory Slough, Marys Creek and Conigan Dcch or one of the smaller streams. Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) Zone idLit rnation for the City of Peariand is listed on the Citys wabsite. Addltionaty, as a public service, the Cty prov des residents with the fotowing Information upon request: • Access to and copies or the current FIRM show ng the apprvx mate location of the property • Benchmark information for land surveyor(ergineer to use in floodplain status determination • A fad sheet on the flood insurance purchase requirement to assist residents who need a mortgage or loan for a property In the Special Flood Hazard Area FLOOD INSURANCE RATE Since the City of Peariand participates in FE.MA's Community Rating System, Pearland residents are entitled to a premium discount. For more irrformation on federal insurance and the premium discount, call your hacrarce compeny. Flood damage Is not covered by your standard property insurance policy or your renter's policy. log on to pearl sndtx.gov/Raodplaln for more information or cal the City's Floodplain Administrator or the City Engineer at 281.e52.1637 to discuss flood hazards and what you can do to reduce future damage Report an issue with Connect Pearland The Connect2PNrfand mob le applcation for smarlphone users is evaifabie for Apple iOS art Android devices and provides users ire ability to report a variety of issues. Tne mobile appication includes phDb sharing and Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) services to attach pictures and coordinates when issues are submitted. Examples of reportable issues include potholes, broken curtrs and dead animals. Connect2Pearland Featured Services The Connect2Pearland mobile application offers users the following categories of service: • Submit a Report - Offers a listing of a variety of ssues that can be reported. • My Requests -Allows users to track the progress of their issues until rasa yeti. • Nearby Requests - View other requests in your area. • Settings - Users car enter profile information to allow them to be updated by o'nai when their reported issues are being addressed. Visit pearlandtx gov/c2p. Peariand in Motion Winter 1 Spring 2016 - 2017 Issue 0 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 168 Page 182 of 210 APPENDIX E: Pearland Business Forum Quarterly Newsletter City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 169 Page 183 of 210 IN THIS ISSUE • Streamlining Development Process • Population Update • Land Availability • At a Glance • Department Updates • New Staff and Team Building • Additional Statistics COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 1ST QUARTER REPORT FISCAL YEAR 2018 OCTOBER — DECEMBER 2017 STREAMLINLING DEVELOPMENT PROCESS The Community Development Department continues to seek opportunities to streamline the development process and improve service levels. 2017 was a successful year for the department as we: • Added more staff to assist with customer service and addressing needs • Made updates to the eTRAKiT online system allowing more application types to be processed online • Enhanced customer service and accommodations through the remodel of the City Hall Annex offices In addition to Community Development changes, we have coordinated with other City departments to improve processes. We added Traffic Impact Anatysis (TIA). Subdivision Improvement Agreements (SIA), and address requests to the online application system. These changes have reduced paperwork and increased the speed of service for our customers. Community Development has also made it easier to find the information you need on the City's website. We believe that the more information that is available and easy to find, the better your development experience will be. Key information such as point of contacts for specific development questions, short-cuts to development codes and fees, and links to online submittals can now all be found in one, user-friendly webpage. If you have not done so already, please visit the new Development Services webpage here and let us know what you think. In August, we hosted our largest crowd ever at the annual Pearland Development Forum at the West Side Event Center. Over 80 members of the development community were in attendance to hear about various updates from Community Development, our City Building Official, the Fire Marshal, and our City Engineer. Internally, the Department facilitated 23 Development Review Committee meetings in 2017. These meetings allow staff to address issues with ongoing projects/permits and provides the opportunity to coordinate responses. Lastly, the Community Development Department understands the importance of providing City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 170 Page 184 of 210 comprehensive and specific feedback prior to starting a new development project. In 2002, we began offering pre -development meetings as a way to familiarize applicants with Pearland's development process. Initially, these meetings were hosted primarily by the Planning staff. and applicants were provided hand-written notes Today, pre -development meetings have evolved to include all departments involved in the development process and applicants now also receive a comprehensive packet that outlines the steps and requirements for their proposed project. In July. in order to maintain consistent and quality customer service, the department hosted our annual pre -development meeting training with seven other departments. The Community Development Department is proud to have facilitated over 100 pre -development meetings in 2017. Wo strongly encourage you to take advantage of our pre -development meeting services before purchasing any property in Pearland for commercial development; we look forward to serving you in 2018! POPULATION UPDATE As of January 1, 2018, the population of the City of Pearland is estimated at 125,000 persons. A total of approximately 5300 new residents moved to the city in 2017. The population in the Extra Territorial Jurisdiction (ETJ) of Pearland is estimated at 24,800. This is an increase of approximately 400 persons from January 1, 2017, Men the population was estimated at 24,400 persons, Population Pearland City Limits 130,000 125,000 120.000 115.000 110,000 105,000 100,000 a5,000 1 Jan-14 1-{an 1 1,- 1r. : lin 1' Im 1" ANNEXATION UPDATE The City of Pearland has a total area of approximately 51.6 square miles up by 6.6% from last fiscal year as a result of a recent annexation which added 3.2 square miles. The annexation include areas A, C, & L (County Road 48) is comprised of approximately 895 acres within Brazoria County, located north of MUD 22, east of County Road 564, south of County Road 92, and vest of County Road 48 Area " C- (McHard''Cullen) is approximately 20 acres, comprised of three (3) parcels. and is located north of McHard Road, abutting Clear Creek at the northeast corner of nearby Country Place subdivision. Area "L" is approximately 983 acres located northeast of SH35, between Dixio Farm Road and County Road 129. The Planning Division has completed window surveys of the annexed areas and is currently in the process of establishing zoning Zoning should be established by May 2018. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 171 Page 185 of 210 AT A GLANCE Comparison: 1s' Quarter FY 2016 to FY 2017 Zoning cases increased Conditional Use Permits increased Variances (both P&Z and ZBA) increased 4 Decrease in the number of plat applications 4 Decrease in permits issued for new commercial buildings Increase in additions and alterations 4 Decrease in single family permits Decrease in total construction valuation Decrease in average value of new single family home structure 4- Increase in Pre Development Meetings DIVISION UPDATES Planning Update Conditional Use Permits A Conditional Use Permit (CUP) as defined by the Unified Development Code (UDC) is a permit authorizing the establishment of a use that may be suitable only in certain locations in a zoning district, or that is allowed only when subject to standards and conditions that assure compatibility with adjoining uses. The Planning Division is tasked with reviewing all CUP applications and presenting those request before City Council for action. Prior to fiscal year (FY) 2018 the CUP approval time ranged between 90 — 120 days, however following City Councils September 2018's adoption of a new CUP approval criteria the approval time has been reduced to 45 days. During the 1" quarter of FY2018, Planning Staff reviewed a total of 9 (8-FY2017 1" Qtr.) Conditional Use Permit (CUP) applications Of the 9 CUP applications 6 was approved, 1 was postponed, & 2 was denied. Additionally, Planning Staff met the review criteria 100% of the time and action was taken by City Council on all 9 applications within the 45 day threshold. The 6 approved CUPs resulted in a Truck Rental/Sales Service on Broadway Street, a church on Pearland Parkway, a church on Miller Ranch Road, an Auto Repair on Main Street, a Supermarket on Main Street, & a helipad on South Sam Houston Parkway. Cc, City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 172 Page 186 of 210 Zoning If a proposed use is not allowed in a particular zoning district by -right or with the approval of a Conditional Use Permit. a zone change may be applied for. The Planning Division is tasked with reviewing zone change application request and presenting those application before the Planning and Zoning Commission & the City Council for approval. All Zone Change request must go through a Joint Public Hearing, received the approval of the Planning & Zoning Commission, and two City Council readings pnor to approval. Zone Change request approval take between 90- 120 days Dunng the T-' quarter of FY2018 the Planning Department reviewed 4 (2-FY2017 1st Otr.) Of the 4 request 2 were approved, 1 was denied. and 1 was postponed following the 1 ' City Council Reading. Additionally. Planning Staff met all review cntena 100% of the time. u Zone Change FY20181st FY2017-1st Oil on IN zone Charge Variances A Variance is an authorization to deviate from standards applicable to a development. The Planning staff reviews both Planning & Zoning (P&Z) Variances and Zoning Board of Adjustments (ZBA) Variances. P&Z Variances are approved by the Planning and Zoning Commission and apply to deviations from lot size, width. and depth. ZBA Variances are approved by the Zoning Board of Adjustments and apply to deviations from setbacks landscaping requirements, height, and other requirements associated with development. During the 1 quarter of FY2018 a total of 5 P&Z Variances were reviewed and approved which significantly increased from 2 reviewed during the 1 quarter of FY 2017. Those variances included a variance from minimum lot width, two variances from minimum lot depth, a variance from minimum lot width, depth. and size, and a variance for the creation of 2 flag lots Additionally. 3 ZBA Variances were reviewed and approved during the 1'' quarter of 2018 which also significantly increase from 0 during the 1' quarter of 2017 The ZBA vanances included a deviation from setback requirements and a two deviations from landscape buffer requirements. All variance request were review and action was taken with in the 30 day tirnefram e. 41 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 1 73 Page 187 of 210 The total number of variances reviewed by staff has significantly increase over the last year. This increase is attributed to more infill development. this trend is expected to continue to increase as the availability of vacant undeveloped parcels decreases. 6 4 2 0 Variances P&Z Variances 2 ■ e ZBA Variances Mist Qrt 2018 ■ 1st Cart 2017 Platting Seventeen (17) plats were processed in this quarter; approximately quarter of which were development plats. This resulted in 348 residential and 3 non-residential new buildable lots reviewed in this quarter. The total plats processed have decreased since this time last year. This decrease is significantly due to Hurricane Harvey and the impact it had on the City's development. Also, contributing to the decrease is the redevelopmenttinfill trend mentioned above as redevelopment sites do not generally require platting. 50 40 vn 20 10 14 t' Plat Reviews 8 2. 3 6 3 67 o o• �o SI 17 au ot (4, era` act fie` �bat es' ■ Y2018 1st Qrt SPY 20171stQrt Other Updates Planning staff participated in 16 Pre - Development meetings for the quarter. Staff reviewed 20 site plans (previous quarter 39). 228 commercial build -outs and tenant occupancy permits (previous quarter 221). 129 sign permits (previous quarter 102), and 660 residential permits (previous quarter 212). Permit reviews resulted in 42 site inspections (previous quarter 72). Call volumes resulted in a total of 1244 phone calls (previous quarter 610 and customer vralk- ins totaled 272 walk-ins (previous quarter 250). A total of 18 public information requests were processed {previous quarter 22) and 78 projects were discussed at the Development Review Committee meetings (previous 1 ' quarter 119) in the quarter. 1500 1000 500 0 221 228 129 3920 �. 102 r■ Other Review 61 72 42 I250"= NO 11'+?y S�` 4� oBF, C zi�`4`4 ,o, �0: Q L 52� ca cQ�et QQG `p. ■I,_ 0FY2010lstQrt What's New? All upcoming Zone Changes & CUPs application request are now published on the Community Development webpage undor the monthly notification link. The webpage offers the ability to download public comment forms & review staff reports and maps related to the application request. All staff reports and attachments will be posted on the website by noon on the Friday prior to consideration by the P&Z andior City Council. City of Pearland, Texas Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 174 Page 188 of 210 OPPORTUNITIES FOR PUBLIC INPUT Mawr amamm.• am/ Ea almal ••••••••Mammm.e. lamp m mamma mars .n+uu..rw.... •we....,w,.w. 11-10-8.. ._........... ....r... Mk .. a. "mar IIII.IIIMIIIII P.O........ OM.w..alp lam Y.. es lawn .....MMI OM.. .r...a a....a _. ....,.,.. ..r ..1..— ww...w *MOWMama Special Project Over the past 6 months, the Planning & Development Services Divisions of the Community Development Department has worked with environmental science students from the University of St. Thomas on a semester project. The project's goal was to focus on chapter 4 Article 2 of the UDC and ultimately create a suite of recommendations that would result in more environmentally friendly land development. The students were encouraged to look for gaps, weaknesses, omissions and opportunities in the text and recommend ways to incorporate sustainability elements into the code. The students were also encouraged to consider how their recommendations e may interact with other city departments involved in land development. Public works & Utilities, Engineering department, Parks Department, etc. Any opportunities for synergies, fee reductions, or collaboration were considered also. The project results and finding will be present at the next P&Z meeting. Permits & Inspections Update First Quarter Commercial Development — During the 1" Qtr. which covered the dates of October 1" through December 31" 4 permits were issued for new commercial buildings, 15 permits were issued for additions/alterations and 17 permits were issued for tenant finish outs. The total reported valuation of all commercial projects for the reporting period was $7,922,927 During the same Oh._ of FY 16/17 11 permits were issued for new commercial construction, 20 for additions/alterations and 10 for tenant finish outs. The total reported valuation of all commercial projects for the same reporting period in FY 16/17 was $13,273,825_ Over the last few months, the Permits and Inspections Division has been working closely with all City departments involved in the commercial plan review process in an effort to reduce the average length of time associated with completing this task. This effort has resulted in the continued improvement of this service with most reviews now meeting their deadlines 100% of the time. First Quarter Residential Development — During this same reporting period 164 single family home permits were issued with a valuation of 533,660,667. During the same reporting period of FY 16117 229 single family home permits were issued with a valuation of $48,490,978. Revenue Collected Monthty Revenue including Permit, Planning & Impact Fees, etc. 1" Qtr. 16/17 1" Qtr. 17/18 October $3,796,794" S430,794 November $801,318 5495,079 December $442,542 5533,017 Total $5,040,654 61,458,890 'Two large multi -lamely projects were pennwlted dunng this month 61 arle City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 175 Page 189 of 210 Harvey Construction In September 2017, City Council approved the waiving of building permit fees for all construction associated with the repair of structures damaged by Hurricane Harvey. The original waiver was good for 20 days, but based on the lingering backlog of construction and insurance settlements, City Council has twice extended the waiver: now effective through May 2018. To date, 120 Harvey related permits have been issued: 108 residential and 13 commercial. NEW STAFF AND TEAM BUILDING Welcome to our great team! Kayla Dukhani joins the Permits & Inspections Division as Permit Clerk. Kayla comes to us with over 3 years of experience working for a commercial real estate company. Part of her duties were from the customer side of using our TRAKiT system and pulling permits. Kayla holds an Associate Degree in Process Technology of Applied Science from San Jacinto College. In her spare time, Kayla loves to play soccer and work out. Please stop by and welcome Kayla to our team Community Development Team Additional Statistics 1"atr. FY18 Total plans reviewed Total building inspections Average number of inspections per mspecic Average number of inspections per day Total permits processed Open Records Request October November December Total 145 107 81 333 2,803 3.003 2.795 8,601 27 36 26 89 128 151 148 427 1,046 998 716 2.760 32 35 29 96 7Pa_1 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 176 Page 190 of 210 Sing e-Family Detached Residential Construction City of Pearland. Texas FY 2012113 FY 2013/14 FY 2014115 FY 2015118 FY 2016117 Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual Month YTD Month YTD Month YTD Meth YTD Month YTD Match YTD Oct 60 60 84 84 96 96 54 54 73 73 45 45 Nov 69 129 74 158 117 213 104 158 109 182 64 109 Dec 67 196 51 209 103 316 95 253 51 233 56 165 Jan 66 262 67 276 96 412 66 319 80 313 Feb 57 319 76 352 84 496 83 402 68 381 Mar 69 388 81 433 147 643 136 538 118 499 Apr 116 504 81 514 128 771 61 599 89 588 Mav 106 610 94 608 116 887 131 730 124 712 Jun 87 697 75 683 114 1,001 129 859 89 807 Jul 102 799 93 776 96 1,097 127 986 96 903 Aug 77 876 90 866 157 1,254 129 1,115 78 981 Sep 65 941 95 961 203 1,457 106 1.221 36 1.017 Change from FYe'lobs Year 20 496 -236 -204 Prepared by Gay of Pearland RnYAlrxj t)epanment 250 12C0 ...__. s &isa 1---- -- .,, n„ 6Y1 1 e0c 1.200 L000 _....... 4- 16 100 1 e :IIii 1 SOO 600 c00 200 I 8- Wage City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 177 Page 191 of 210 Total Housing Units (Single -Family Detached and Multi -Family) Cy of Peartana Texas FY 201314 FY 2014115 FY2015,14 2 FYIettliT Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual ,,,,.• -, . ' . . ' --et CO 53 ,tit al 3.5 95 , •,.. 489 430 4.3 sr 474 toe 51 20i IA 2,19, 95 257: 51 9404,_ )fiF F.ab 51' 3111, 70 952 04 5561 6.1 432 99 759, t:i 3,7 7: 13 • • ' Ili , , 110 594 es 094 124. 194 fit 509 99 995 IrC C I , ,,71: IN AP 97 097 75, 1.953 0.%$ 1.295 *.T., 459 69 122A t:2: , „ '?•22 i 4 2,2, . kli142 TT BM 745 1 874 151 1 599 12: t 15 79 1 303 941, , 14 . , 1 3r, 1 , % • ,' , 43: chrw P.,-. ',." '" ''•' .. . . BCC - t S 2.soo I . l 'I •5 P .,.. I 2,"0:71 1 , I 3013/14 sco 7s* SCO p.n. I 1 M11111 1 1 411 2915117 1 1.5,1) 1 70 5i16 1 1 '.., MO API' '''''' if 0 aii ‘ All IIII - — — ) COO _ .........7_4....."°'' 20335IP ! X I t 1 ..-•4 117i !! 1,113Z,-- City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 178 Page 192 of 210 Building Permit R.•wntl.'- Cny cl Pennant lo..r An.. : I /awl 1,401 Saga Sr. Aa.. .a.. ar.. - . .. u,agp.. , MIMI { yr4illt Y / ....nti!K 1 i, F.. .riii n !imp. OI' nxtss c-�jr1 {i ]Ibn {2DI7Q( t10(.TI f-u.i.l {/,R RIWL7S MT`.' gtlRllr ti v�nll- QE76]a ©man I i ii r., �g '.. A. I18� yy�, u� 15• flffi 'r7 4'' Milf O� s..- -a n s u• .• I:y?„ a n: nu R!T tin* Paula. SI',.. , 1' Aw L.:.Vr:! . t.7!97-I mI^+�.. 113 ►tI`tr,� . Ito, KM7 _. g!]9L. K.ra7 M7- I . t{" --, ye- vrt 1. r ' Y M t L' ... .. „ .r i.e. f:!S .1 ,\ ,.,.r...Mra........s...t..pa..a•aaaa.. PM a. o.*Y Cosh wow.. ao ww Moog M.aw m.o. a ar I S..so a. f.t$A.' a........Aso. .w f.earax. no mango r.an ..wag a IWm. . Po. .e..o. O.O. r to a ..wrc..wy. o.. aw.r f4... Monthly 11.11dnR Pc.mR Receipts •" 4.ana4tHa Poinit "o 1 1[ I 1 1 I 1 a wr/i_ e i i l! i! i l; d d i 1 i i i 1 ( 7 a 101Pa1, City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 179 Page 193 of 210 $160 $140 - $120 - $100 - $80 $60 Construction Valuation es Reported by Applicant for Permit p crr.r+,-r i I •;rnjkllrNy .441•10TA. S40 - -- - $Jill 1 iIiit, .11. nr. I ..- n i n I II i 6.1 06c ' OP rat of Pd' oa ce ov I- rS 04 d'' 1 ‘,.0 or 1 0 cP- rir 1 04 cAl0" 'sr 1 0 # 1 01 est1 0 Month of R•c. pt City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 180 Page 194 of 210 Total Construction Valuation as Reported by Applicant on Building Permit COy of Pearland, Timis VALUATION Canarcial m Single Mutti-Family Residential Misc. •' Total Valuation B Month Totals - £ 1258970 S 12615483 f - S 17,535,670 $ - 90613,123 9211.597676 $33 .691678 132602 931 , 5329,024,10 "Se7l,176,717' 0312,001. 921 f379r18033 554.235224 51239[6.3:6 I 10 5373 5 1:333-3t £ - 5 I3_}3,1'4n 1 37.601.283 4 314,8 -1 13,746A01 S - $ 17,721,701 31 719109 ...i 1 Jn.^.v5•4I $ 1a313,9", .t - 4 I'.1i19 :$- 2L1109 --e013 S 1631s96 S 19,330,021 S • S 34937,517 f 52099576 S 23E0.503 5 10 10:3E3 5 5 IE.'63.' 1' S 9434961016 $ 1 755574 f 26407,934 $ - $ 20,032,842 3 49. 197 202 3 842-22 1 245:E.41L 3 5 3310:20: 3 53 173 0:4 - 5 2.132J18 5 19,772,615 S • $ 27,252,560 3 43 157 193 - 1 7 7.11570 5 ' ^6'''2 3 - 5 In ^F.3 715 3 41202525 tiq 13 1 0 775,703 5 16453,574 $ - S 23,955,578 5 43.156852 pp 3 1 : ` 3]3 5 u 527 e4-3 3 5 60 -'Z: 749 f 5E119 5 4i 401,250 f 19,779405 S • S 32)03.244 $ ,., '3 1 _5.397 5 IE 110.043 4 5 34 75E .-- 3 51.539.301 [M 13 $ 1 743,9LU 5 126713,529 $ - $ 46424,745 3 h1 .,4! ::A 31, 14 1 3 103 1:3 3 17 205 020 1 5 - ,::3 31 � ei 64.15 f 3225i50 5 113221,081 $ • S 3,495,412 . ••-.0.0 .. `I3 1-1 3 :3 ?_' 4E:9 3 1' ?.:.- U,' 3 :1 2:3 031 5 1' E62:5 3 73 019.729 ,a. fa $ 11. /9670 5 18,290,635 S - S 70,018329 :-.---o--06(411,1650 0E5333 £ -340 :e7 i 5 3C 332 77:f 3 67 7E7 3St S 7,210.66e 6 16,545,180 S - S 58,033,741 92.31 . 1 �11539,7 2 5 03,31, 3 5 .37 ', e'18t- - S 1949433 S 21 172 017 5 37906.706 $ 25 094,536 86 _ 1 . ic021. 3 2897,100 5 403E3: S 21561,503 1 $ - 4 '1533E5[ S 213,591,490 ff,..,..}�. 18-3.:s10r1 1 S 44 990 099 501-14 Ic 3 1337 10] f 27 21' 94t 3 5 19 32,1267 $ 49 115,313 -- 11. S 7/36650 5 22645,009 $ - 5 6479,511 $ 369K1)t7 3 65 993 393 1 -:0342 1 -: 3949e.4 1 2:303ci0 5 - 5553437 =ro-15 S 1,506.505 5 15,303,034 S - S 30.162,559 5 5.1 972 498 •13-•5 1 It 6-10.395 5 34 776'2E 3 - 5 37.,105 2e7 S 71.022.396 • pr-15 ' $ 2,537,250 9 27,601 551 $ , 5 4lirei 8D 5 'r. 251 £6c S 71463.581 t 6-15 4 1 i'?:a2 1 21 9036673 1 - ,In•15 S 20/90493 5 25,940,828 S 17,162,000 S 45.004.943 0-+5 S _ . =.i.] 4 -- - ' :1£ 1 3 3: 5'7 £13 3 53 979'22E8 9i9-15 1 13,121A49 S 33,514477 $ - S 23,995,415 $ 70634521 - 1 4 ,57 6E0 5 -4 I Cr., 574 3 S E 46= :77 1 £a 3.31. 1 . S 8385A63 5 11,2706E22 $ - $ 81,559,131 )::.. 48.196At6 5 31E8305 5 _E.ea' 90C 1 - 5 35.227,317 3 430570.5 f 10277,574 f 20,527,006 'S • S 50,806,766 S 81.511360 S 3500767 5 304772464 3 - 5 24,325,37C S 61839184 '60-16 f 12,302442 5 2E966,000 S • 5 64.902.755 S 75.928,752 r - 4 ? 3E67:' S ^_E EE6 COL 3 S - S 32 E3] ati9 S 36,800,501 $ 25,509500 S 13,739,281 1 12 12502 £ 27 591.E62 i 5 17.722119 3 53 452 933 9 7A94B73 S 27s77,778 S - f 1 t 430,84T S 46.153.193 1 171E3 5E0 5 223�7,20 E84 1 5 2 5377%£ S 47 725 235 �V4 .31 1 3,49497'3 5 26,.1a,,a14 S • S 1,sst,Elr s 97,041,237 f.:. 1 .35E0,2E7 5 05415, 0' 1 3 10533E03 $ 6.112.04.4. S 51 649 5:1 67102.1333 1 63,350,657 1 16289,127 S 55,923,217 S 6 L41 1 L' S 2f 513 Eb`- 3 5 - :55 97,1 9 97,511.026 =e 16 5 10,148,899 5 117,520,047 _ 5 - S 41,064,679 S 61 7:16:0 6 1 40.33C, 3 1E51-435 3 5 5E16175e 3 79.520,999 =E417 5 36262637 5 144S7,091 S - S 10,641,Ot3- f E•1 San. 147 '., ' 3 :4 1.1, 33.6 5 2-1 770C8'_ 3 - 5 5.103.39C $ 51 311.719 4S1r-11 f 71 p48966 1 15,679,153 S - S 7,98e i47 1 •r7 n'F 158 j 33 0;3 302 £ 2: 64':47 3 5 ti :CI "[ 3 12.57$erS 3 6670E2248 4261V-948 ., aril I 11906713-"8 18,298,565 5 - ,11' 1 32285='32 S 2C 6-30 3 5 E713 O26 _, .t7' ,' I 836.11 $ 2.949,951 1 15534601 6 136.000 1 6703,364 -u I (( , ,ri ]_ : ' 7 ;,D E'-' i ${ - ct-17 4 35 72i6762 i 9.570 517 S - 1 13.d64,332 1 :, 1E2457 5 1:u' oo: i S E'- 43 b1 - n-17 S 3 690184 1 11,506,574 5 - $ 5.482.821 .,, 1 . 1 . 1 - 5 . 3 .N1-18 f • 5 - S • US ,13 '33 5 3 11 3 40610 $ - S - S - 5 - 3 -'.13I'3 1 £ 3 5 5 1313-18 1 - - 'I - 5 - 1 {S 6p.18 f $ S f 3 1An047 - E63CWineO45 »CIu4P Fne %'4 6Y.C61 A1p.,nf 3 .#9'8n9 Pool, si 11. 544...•r4 ^.1 ii. .'-xc 121 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 181 Page 195 of 210 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT eidIalggLeiStff John McDonald Clarence Sirmons, AICP, Green Associate Judy Brown Eliana Fuentes Dadra Jai McBride Martin Griggs, AICP Vince Hustead, AICP Armon bones Samin Bazargan Alma Gonzales Inswcfions and Permits Scott Williams Katherine McKelvey, CBO Vacant Dennis Holm Sam McInnis Jessica Mate Uoyd Miler Hung Doan Kandelle Wells Daniel Reeves TM White Tracey Haynes Vacant .loan Chavez Judy Cotter Natalie Garcia April Sales Kayla Dukhani CITY HALL ANNEX 3523 Liberty Dr. Peadand, Texas 77581 Director of Community Development Development Coordinator Office Supervisor Receptionist City Planner Senior Planner Associate Planner Plamer Planning Technician Office Assistant Building Official Assistant Building Official Office Assistant Commercial Plans Examiner Residential Flans Examiner Plans Expediter Building Inspector Building Inspector Building Inspector Building Inspector Building Inspector Building Inspector Building Inspector Assistant Manager cf Permtsllnspections Permit Technician Permit Clerk Permit Clerk Permit Clerk 13IPage City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 182 Page 196 of 210 APPENDIX F: Profile resulting in Omission of Hazard Example Seismic/Earthquakes UPDATE FROM LAST PLAN • While this plan identifies and provides a profile for this hazard, in the event that an earthquake did occur, negligible impact is anticipated, if any, and therefore in the reassessment of this risk, the City determined that no mitigation measures are needed. • Events since 2009, if any, were updated and described. • In addition, this section was formatted to explicitly address: Location, Previous Occurrence, Future Occurrence (Probability), and Extent. Also explicitly addressed are Impact and vulnerability summary. Hazard Description An earthquake is a sudden motion or trembling in the ground caused by an abrupt release of accumulated strain on the tectonic plates that comprise the Earth's crust. Ground motion may be vertical or horizontal shaking. The USGS 2014 Hazard map (Figure H-10) presents the general "earthquake risk". It shows relative risk to compare seismic risks across the country. Most of Texas, including Pearland, is designated the lowest hazard rating. Figure H-10 The USGS 2014 Hazard Map (PGA, 2% in 50 Years) P:r.r...r`• u .r Two -percent probability, of esceedance in 50 dears map of peak ground acceleration City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 183 Page 197 of 210 Location. In Pearland, seismic risks to people and property cannot be distinguished by area; the hazard is reasonably predicted to have uniform probability of occurrence across the entire City. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, Brazoria County, and hence Pearland, is located within the lowest earthquake hazard risk area across the nation. The figure in the Extent section (Figure H-12) shows the peak ground acceleration or PGA, with a 2%-50 year exceedance probability. The figure (Figure H-11) below shows the maximum expected ground acceleration (as a function of the acceleration of gravity) in southeast Texas is about two percent with indicated probability parameters. This means that the area has little or no chance of any significant ground shaking. Figure H-11 State of Texas Peak Ground Acceleration Maps (Source: USGS) 106V 104'W 102'W 100 W 9E W 96 W 94 W 149 350 200 160 120 80 60 — 50 40 — 30 20 -- 18 16 — 14 — 12 - 10 — 8 6 4 — 2 - 0 106-W 104-W 102'W 100-W Peak Acceleration (%g) with 2% Probability of Exceedance In 50 Years site: NEHRP B-C boundary National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project (2008) Previous Occurrence There is no record of seismic activity in the planning area. Future Occurrence The USGS chart below (Figure H-12) shows the risk of peak ground acceleration over a 50 year period. Based on this data, Brazoria County and hence Pearland, faces the maximum of a 4% chance of above normal ground acceleration in a major earthquake. Based on a scale perspective, damage would be minor and intensity would be light. Therefore, it would be very rare for Pearland to experience an earthquake and even if there was an earthquake the damage would likely be inconsequential. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 184 Page 198 of 210 Figure H-12 USGS Ground Peak Acceleration over a 50 Year Period Peak Acceleration (%g) so At rzotiv 11 with 10% Probability of Excoodanco in 50 Years USGS Map, Oct. 2002 �,w 1O5W 1001V 95'W 1010 " 1 • • • o 180 100 80 60 40 30 25 20 15 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Magnitude/Extent Earthquakes are measured in terms of their intensity and magnitude. Intensity is measuring using the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Scale based on direct and indirect measurements of seismic effects with (I) corresponding to impartible events through (XII) representing a catastrophic event. Magnitude is measured using the Richter Scale. The MMI Scale and the Richter scale are shown below: City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 185 Page 199 of 210 MMI Scale Scale kntensdy Description of Effects Corresponding Richter Scale Magnitude 1 I Instrumental I Detected only on seismographs II Feeble Some peoplefeel it <4.2 III Slight Felt by people resting- like a truck rumbling by IV Moderate Felt by people walking \' I Slightly Strong ISleepers awake; church bells ring ,48 VI 5tron g Trees sway; suspended obtectsswing objects fan off shelves <5 4 VII I Very Strong I Milo Alarm walls crack plastertalls =6 1 nu Destructive Moving cars uncontrollable: masonrytractures poorly constructed buildings damaged X Ruinous Some houses collapse ground cracks pipes break open 68 X Disastrous Ground aacksprorusely.many buildings destroyed, liquefaction and landslides widespread <73 XI Very Disastrous Most buildings and badges collapse. roads railways. pipes and cables destroyed. general triggering of other hazards ,8.1 MI Catastrophic Total destruction,treesfall, ground rises and falls in waves >81 City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 186 Page 200 of 210 Understanding the Richter Scale Richter e Feels lalce KG .f TNT Extra Istermao.a O-1 0.6 -2kilograms of dynamite We can not feel ease. 2 600 kilograms of dynamite SmaIest quake people can normally bel. 3 20.000 kilograms of dynamite Peopb near the eploenler feel Ink quake. 4 60,000 kilograms of dynamite The will cause damage around the epicenter. M e the same as a small lesion bomb. 5 20.000,000 kilograms of dynamite Damage done to weak buildings in We area of time epicenter. 6 60,000.000 kilograms of dynamite Can cause great damage around the epicenter. o 10 7 20 bulbdn ki ms a II wo olo ciuM tart Nwr Y one Crk tea deeded d par. the Cases over sold. seems drove. 8 20 biliony kilograms of dynammi�e Causes death and major destrukeon_ Destroyed San Francisco in 1906. 9 20 titian kilograms of dynamite es butdsmags Impact The earthquake hazard affects all residential and commercial building types about equally within the planning area. Due to the extremely low probability of an earthquake within the City of Pearland and the fact that there is no record of any historical building damage as a result of seismic activity in the City, the estimated dollar value damage to existing or future buildings due to earthquakes is negligible. Vulnerability All people and assets are considered to have the same degree of exposure. Even if an event were to occur, the possibility of any severe damage is very slight because of the low seismicity of the area. This means that even an event on the high end of the scale for the area would not result in significant shaking. Most wood -frame and engineered structures in Pearland would easily withstand an event on the high end of the local scale, although in some cases unreinforced masonry buildings would experience cracking and potential structural failure. Depending on the nature of the building(s), there is some very minor potential for injuries related to falling debris (for example from chimneys). Potential magnitude is expressed in the figure above — nearly all of the state of Texas is in a low -hazard area. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 187 Page 201 of 210 DETERMINATION: In order to determine inclusion or omission, MPC prepared a profile and determined that in the event that an earthquake did occur, negligible impact is anticipated, if any, and therefore in the reassessment of this risk, the City determined that no mitigation measures are needed and will omit from inclusion in update due to negligible impact. City of Pearland, Texas: Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 188 Page 202 of 210 TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY 5805 N LAMAR BLVD • BOX 4087 • AUSTIN, TEXAS 78773-0001 512/424-2000 www.dps.texas.gov STEVEN C. McCRAW DIRECTOR SKYLOR HEARN FREEMAN F. MARTIN RANDALL B. PRINCE DEPUTY DIRECTORS March 20, 2019 The Honorable Tom Reid City of Pearland Mayor 3519 Liberty Dr. Pearland, TX 77581 COMMISSION STEVEN P. MACH, CHAIRMAN MANNY FLORES A. CYNTHIA LEON JASON K PULLIAM RANDY WATSON RE: Approval of Single -Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan for City of Pearland, Texas Dear Mayor Reid: This letter is to inform you of the FEMA approval for the Local Hazard Mitigation Plan for the City of Pearland. Your efforts demonstrate a commitment to reducing the risk to the citizens and property of the City of Pearland. This plan was approved on March 18, 2019 and will expire in five years on March 17, 2024. A current plan is required to remain eligible for Unified Hazard Mitigation Grant funding. If you have any questions or concerns, please contact me at 512-424-7820 or via email at david.jackson(a dps.texas.gov. Respectfully, David Jackson, CEM Section Administrator, Mitigation State Hazard Mitigation Officer Disaster Finance, Recovery, Mitigation and Standards Texas Division of Emergency Management Texas Department of Public Safety Enclosure: FEMA Approval Packet EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER COURTESY • SERVICE • PROTECTION cc: Peter Martin, Emergency Management Coordinator, pmartin@pearlandtx.gov Shaun. P. Miller, State Coordinator, shaun.miller@dps.texas.gov Mike Jones, TDEM District Coordinator, mike.jones@dps.texas.gov Ashley Ruiz, Mitigation Coordinator, ashley.ruiz@dps.texas.gov DJ/rc U.S. Department of Homeland Security FEMA Region 6 800 North Loop 288 Denton. TX. 76209-3698 FEMA March 18, 2019 David Jackson, State Hazard Mitigation Officer Texas Division of Emergency Management P.O. Box 4087 Austin, TX 78773-0220 RE: Approval of the Pearland, Texas Single Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan Dear Mr. Jackson: This office has concluded its review of the referenced plan and we are pleased to provide our approval of this plan in meeting the criteria set forth by 44 CFR § 201.6. By receiving this approval, eligibility for the Hazard Mitigation Assistant Grants will be ensured for five years from the date of this letter, expiring on March 17, 2024. This approval does not demonstrate approval of projects contained in the plan. This office has provided the enclosed Local Hazard Mitigation Planning Tool with reviewer's comments, to further assist the community in refining the plan going forward. Please advise the referenced community of this approval. If you have any questions, please contact Bart Moore, HM Community Planner Lead, at (940) 898-5363. Enclosure cc: Jeffrey Brewer, R6-MT-HM Sincerely, Ronald C. Wanhanen Chief, Risk Analysis Branch w•ww.rema.gov LOCAL MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL The Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool demonstrates how the Local Mitigation Plan meets the regulation in 44 CFR §201.6 and offers States and FEMA Mitigation Planners an opportunity to provide feedback to the community. • The Regulation Checklist provides a summary of FEMA's evaluation of whether the Plan has addressed all requirements. • The Plan Assessment identifies the plan's strengths as well as documents areas for future improvement. • The Multi -jurisdiction Summary Sheet is an optional worksheet that can be used to document how each jurisdiction met the requirements of the each Element of the Plan (Planning Process; Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment; Mitigation Strategy; Plan Review, Evaluation, and Implementation; and Plan Adoption). The FEMA Mitigation Planner must reference this Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide when completing the Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool. Jurisdiction: City of Pearland, Texas Title of Plan: City of Pearland , Texas 2018 Update Date of Plan: 9-5-18 Local Point of Contact: Peter Martin Address: 2703 Veterans Drive Pearland, TX 77584 Title: Emergency Management Coordinator Agency: Fire Department Phone Number: 281-997-4648 E-Mail: PMartin@pearlandtx.gov State Reviewer: Title: Date: Natalie Johnson Hazard Mitigation Planner 3/2019 FEMA Reviewer: David Reiff Title: Mitigation Planner Date: 3/18/2019 Date Received in FEMA Region 6 March 18, 2019 Plan Not Approved Plan Approvable Pending Adoption Plan Approved March 18, 2019 Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool (FEMA, October 1, 2011) A-1 LOCAL MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL SECTION 1: REGULATION CHECKLIST INSTRUCTIONS: The Regulation Checklist must be completed by FEMA. The purpose of the Checklist is to identify the location of relevant or applicable content in the Plan by Element/sub-element and to determine if each requirement has been 'Met' or 'Not Met.' The 'Required Revisions' summary at the bottom of each Element must be completed by FEMA to provide a clear explanation of the revisions that are required for plan approval. Required revisions must be explained for each plan sub -element that is 'Not Met.' Sub -elements should be referenced in each summary by using the appropriate numbers (Al, B3, etc.), where applicable. Requirements for each Element and sub -element are described in detail in this Plan Review Guide in Section 4, Regulation Checklist. 1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) `ELEMENT A. PLANNING PROCESS Location in Plan Met Not (section and/or page Met number) Al. Does the Plan document the planning process, including how it was prepared and who was involved in the process for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(1)) Section 2. Page 15-41 Appendix A X A2. Does the Plan document an opportunity for neighboring communities, local and regional agencies involved in hazard mitigation activities, agencies that have the authority to regulate development as well as other interests to be involved in the planning process? (Requirement §201.6(b)(2)) Section 2. Page 16-17 Appendix B X A3. Does the Plan document how the public was involved in the planning process during the drafting stage? (Requirement §201.6(b)(1)) Section 2. Page 17-19 Appendix C X A4. Does the Plan describe the review and incorporation of existing plans, studies, reports, and technical information? (Requirement §201.6(b)(3)) Section 2. Page 19 Section 3. Page 56 , Section 5. Page 145- 146 X A5. Is there discussion of how the community(ies) will continue public participation in the plan maintenance process? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(iii)) Section 5. Page 147 X A6. Is there a description of the method and schedule for keeping the plan current (monitoring, evaluating and updating the mitigation plan within a 5-year cycle)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(i)) Section 5. Page 144- 145 X ELEMENT A: REQUIRED REVISIONS Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool (FEMA, October 1, 2011) A-2 LOCAL MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL 1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) ELEMENT B. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND°RISK ASSESSMENT Location in Plan Met Not (section and/or page Met number) B1. Does the Plan include a description of the type, location, and extent of all natural hazards that can affect each jurisdiction(s)? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i)) Section 3. Pages 58- 116 X B2. Does the Plan include information on previous occurrences of hazard events and on the probability of future hazard events for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(i)) Section 3. Pages 59- 116 X B3. Is there a description of each identified hazard's impact on the community as well as an overall summary of the community's vulnerability for each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) Section 3. Pages 62- 120 X B4. Does the Plan address NFIP insured structures within the jurisdiction that have been repetitively damaged by floods? (Requirement §201.6(c)(2)(ii)) Section 3. Pages 76-84, X ELEMENT B: REQUIRED REVISIONS 1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) ELEMENT C. MITIGATION STRATEGY Location in Plan Met Not (section and/or page Met number) C1. Does the plan document each jurisdiction's existing authorities, policies, programs and resources and its ability to expand on and improve these existing policies and programs? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)) Section 2. Pages 19-34 X C2. Does the Plan address each jurisdiction's participation in the NFIP and continued compliance with NFIP requirements, as appropriate? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii)) Section 1. Page 11 Section 2, Pages 31-33, 35-41 X C3. Does the Plan include goals to reduce/avoid long-term vulnerabilities to the identified hazards? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(i)) Section 1. Page 13 Section 4. Page 125- 126, 141 X C4. Does the Plan identify and analyze a comprehensive range of specific mitigation actions and projects for each jurisdiction being considered to reduce the effects of hazards, with emphasis on new and existing buildings and infrastructure? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(ii)) Section 4. Pages 132- 143 X C5. Does the Plan contain an action plan that describes how the actions identified will be prioritized (including cost benefit review), implemented, and administered by each jurisdiction? (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iv)); (Requirement §201.6(c)(3)(iii)) Section 4. Pages 132- 143 X C6. Does the Plan describe a process by which local governments will Section 2. Page 19 X Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool (FEMA, October 1, 2011) A-3 LOCAL MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL integrate the requirements of the mitigation plan into other planning mechanisms, such as comprehensive or capital improvement plans, when appropriate? (Requirement §201.6(c)(4)(ii)) Section 5. Page 146 ELEMENT C: REQUIRED REVISIONS 1. REGULATION CHECKLIST Regulation (44 CFR 201.6 Local Mitigation Plans) ELEMENT D. PLAN REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND IMPLEMENTATION Location in Plan Met (section and/or page number) (applicable to plan updates only) Not Met _ D1. Was the plan revised to reflect changes in development? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3)) Section 1. Pages 9-11 D2. Was the plan revised to reflect progress in local mitigation efforts? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3)) Section 1. Page 2 Section 4, Pages 124- 130 X D3. Was the plan revised to reflect changes in priorities? (Requirement §201.6(d)(3)) Section 1 and Section 2 Section 3. Page 42,44 Section 4. Page 125 X ELEMENT D: REQUIRED REVISIONS ' ELEMENT E. PLAN ADOPTION E1. Does the Plan include documentation that the plan has been formally adopted by the governing body of the jurisdiction requesting approval? (Requirement §201.6(c)(5)) Section 1. Page 2-3, Final CD X E2. For multi -jurisdictional plans, has each jurisdiction requesting approval of the plan documented formal plan adoption? (Requirement §201.6(c)(5)) N/A N/A ELEMENT E: REQUIRED REVISIONS ELEMENT F. ADDITIONAL STATE REQUIREMENTS (optional for State reviewers only, not to be completed by FEMA F1. F2. ELEMENT F: REQUIRED REVISION Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool (FEMA, October 1, 2011) A-4 LOCAL MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL SECTION 2: PLAN ASSESSMENT INSTRUCTIONS: The purpose of the Plan Assessment is to offer the local community more comprehensive feedback to the community on the quality and utility of the plan in a narrative format. The audience for the Plan Assessment is not only the plan developer/local community planner, but also elected officials, local departments and agencies, and others involved in implementing the Local Mitigation Plan. The Plan Assessment must be completed by FEMA. The Assessment is an opportunity for FEMA to provide feedback and information to the community on: 1) suggested improvements to the Plan; 2) specific sections in the Plan where the community has gone above and beyond minimum requirements; 3) recommendations for plan implementation; and 4) ongoing partnership(s) and information on other FEMA programs, specifically RiskMAP and Hazard Mitigation Assistance programs. The Plan Assessment is divided into two sections: 1. Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement 2. Resources for Implementing Your Approved Plan Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement is organized according to the plan Elements listed in the Regulation Checklist. Each Element includes a series of italicized bulleted items that are suggested topics for consideration while evaluating plans, but it is not intended to be a comprehensive list. FEMA Mitigation Planners are not required to answer each bullet item, and should use them as a guide to paraphrase their own written assessment (2-3 sentences) of each Element. The Plan Assessment must not reiterate the required revisions from the Regulation Checklist or be regulatory in nature, and should be open-ended and to provide the community with suggestions for improvements or recommended revisions. The recommended revisions are suggestions for improvement and are not required to be made for the Plan to meet Federal regulatory requirements. The italicized text should be deleted once FEMA has added comments regarding strengths of the plan and potential improvements for future plan revisions. It is recommended that the Plan Assessment be a short synopsis of the overall strengths and weaknesses of the Plan (no longer than two pages), rather than a complete recap section by section. Resources for implementing Your Approved Plan provides a place for FEMA to offer information, data sources and general suggestions on the overall plan implementation and maintenance process. Information on other possible sources of assistance including, but not limited to, existing publications, grant funding or training opportunities, can be provided. States may add state and local resources, if available. Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool (FEMA, October 1, 2011) A-5 LOCAL MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL A. Plan Strengths and Opportunities for Improvement This section provides a discussion of the strengths of the plan document and identifies areas where these could be improved beyond minimum requirements. . Element A: Planning Process Element B: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment The maps in the plan are quite aged; the next update should replace the maps to more current data. Element C: Mitigation Strategy Note: Table 48 includes wildfire but does not show it in the key. Since there is no guarantee of funding, and sine other factors may come in to play, putting implementation dates in the plan might not reflect conditions on the ground. It is recommended that a project length (number of months) be utilized instead. Element D: Plan Update, Evaluation, and Implementation (Plan Updates Only) B. Resources for Implementing Your Approved Plan This section provides examples of possible resources plan implementation. Ideas may be offered on moving the mitigation plan forward and continuing the relationship with key mitigation stakeholders such as the following: • What FEMA assistance (funding) programs are available (for example, Hazard Mitigation Assistance (HMA)) to the jurisdiction(s) to assist with implementing the mitigation actions? • What other Federal programs (National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), Community Rating System (CRS), Risk MAP, etc.) may provide assistance for mitigation activities? • What publications, technical guidance or other resources are available to the jurisdiction(s) relevant to the identified mitigation actions? • Are there upcoming trainings/workshops (Benefit -Cost Analysis (BCA), HMA, etc.) to assist the jurisdictions(s)? • What mitigation actions can be funded by other Federal agencies (for example, U.S. Forest Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Smart Growth, Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Sustainable Communities, etc.) and/or state and local agencies? FEMA Mitigation grants are available to eligible applicants. Search grants.gov for additional resources for implementing mitigation actions. Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool (FEMA, October 1, 2011) A-6 LOCAL MITIGATION PLAN REVIEW TOOL SECTION 3: MULTI -JURISDICTION SUMMARY SHEET (OPTIONAL) INSTRUCTIONS: For multi -jurisdictional plans, a Multi -jurisdiction Summary Spreadsheet may be completed by listing each participating jurisdiction, which required Elements for each jurisdiction were 'Met' or 'Not Met,' and when the adoption resolutions were received. This Summary Sheet does not imply that a mini -plan be developed for each jurisdiction; it should be used as an optional worksheet to ensure that each jurisdiction participating in the Plan has been documented and has met the requirements for those Elements (A through E). MULTI -JURISDICTION SUMMARY SHEET # Jurisdiction Name Jurisdiction Type (city/borough/ township/ village, etc.) Plan POC Mailing, Email Address. -Phone Requirements Met (Y/N) A. Planning Process B. Hazard Identification & Risk Assessment C. Mitigation Strategy D. Plan Review, Evaluation & Implementation E. Plan Adoption F. State Require- ments 1 2 Local Mitigation Plan Review Tool (FEMA, October 1, 2011) A-7